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2013 Vol. 32, No. 5
Published: 2015-10-20
513
The Design of Movement Quality Assessment System
HONG Hui Long
1,2
LI YuRong
1,2*
CHEN Jian Guo
1,2
DU Min
2
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.01
This article proposed a rehabilitative training monitoring system for knee osteoarthritis patients, by which the patient can know their standardized degree of movement and make appropriate adjustments. We designed a quality assessment system of human lower extremity movement which was based on ZigBee wireless communication technology. The system can evaluate the action standardization of movement therapy. We mounted ZigBee module with miniature accelerometer sensor on human lower extremity, by acquiring threedimensional acceleration signal through the movement after Haar wavelet transformation, the system extracts wavelet eigenvalue using particle swarm optimization. These eigenvalues will be supplied in neural network classifier which can evaluate the quality of movement. By evaluating the exercise quality of lying straight leg raise training for 20 healthy men aged 24～30, the mean and standard deviations for these four training truth probability (specification, foot over, hold time is too short, nonparallel leg lifts ) were（89.1±2.0）%，（93.4±1.7）%，（89.5±2.3）%，（90.1±1.8）%. Experimental results show that the system can effectively identify the nonstandard action from training process and realize the monitoring and evaluation of lying straight leg raise training, which can meet the demands of health monitoring system.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 513-519 [
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242
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520
Feature Extraction and Recognition of Resting EEG in Poststroke Depression Subjects Based on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.02
To analyze the specificity of resting EEG signals in poststroke depression (PSD) subjects, the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were used to extract feature parameters of scaling exponent α (the slope of the linear fit in the double logarithmic coordinate relating fluctuation functions F(s) and time sequence length) to 16 channels. The α values of 16 channel EEG signals for three different groups (10 healthy controls, 4 poststroke nondepression subjects and 7 poststroke depression subjects) were conducted independent ttest. Results show that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) of the scaling exponent α between healthy subjects and post stroke subjects in the parietal, temporal and occipital lobe. With the scaling exponents feature α to be 16 dimensional feature space, pattern recognition performed up to 90.9% classification accuracy using support vector machine (SVM) among poststroke subjects (poststroke depression subjects and poststroke nondepression subjects included), which can be expected to provide a new means of clinical aided diagnosis for PSD subjects objectively and effectively.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 520-525 [
Abstract
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490
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526
Ultrasound Probe Calibration Method Based on Optical Tracking Systems
REN Liang QIU Tian Shuang
*
GUO Yong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.03
Ultrasound probe calibration is a necessary step in the process of 3D ultrasound imaging by a freehand 2D ultrasound probe. In order to calibrate ultrasound probe quickly and effectively with small number of calibration images, a flexible calibration method based on optical tracker was presented for determining the unknown transformation matrix. First, a calibration pattern containing two mutually perpendicular planes was developed. In the process of calibration, the calibration pattern was scanned by a freehand 2D ultrasound probe. Transformation matrice were calculated from camera to calibration pattern and from ultrasound probe to ultrasound image. There were 3 crosspoints between ultrasound beam and three orthogonal axes of the pattern in each trial, which setup 6 calibration equations. The unknown transformation matrix and 2 scaling factors were solved by nonlinear fitting, when at least 2 calibration images were captured. Experiments with synthetic data show that calibration error decreases with increased number of images. The error was 1 mm when the number of images was 30. Experiments with real data show that our method has high accuracy with only 20 calibration images, meeting the demand of ultrasound surgical navigation and lays the groundwork for 3D ultrasound imaging reconstruction.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 526-531 [
Abstract
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373
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532
Estimation of Spatially Variable Level Field of Rician Noise and its Application to MR Image Denoising
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.04
The levels of Rician noise in MR images vary spatially. A method to estimate the noise level field (NLF) was proposed in this paper for denoising the spatially variable noise. The NLF was fitted using the estimations of local noise levels and a NLF model with the sparsity constraint. Then, the noisy MR images were made to be homoscedastic by the spatially adaptive variancestabilization transformations with the estimated NLF. Thus, BM3D algorithm was adopted to suppress the noise in the transformed images. Experimental results on the synthetic and real images demonstrate that the proposed method effectively estimates the NLF and the estimated NLF is useful for denoising the spatially variable Rician noise. The mean relative error of the estimated noise levels was less than 0.2%. Compared with other denoising methods for MR images, the method with NLF performed better and PSNR was improve about 2 dB. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively estimate the Rician noise level field and can be used to suppress the spatially variable Rician noise.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 532-538 [
Abstract
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524
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539
Elicitation Analysis for the 40 Hz Transient Auditory Evoked Potential
ZHU Cheng WANG Tao HUANG Jiang Hua ZHAN Chang An TAN Xiao Dan
*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.05
Stimulusrate will affect some components of AEPs, typically P
b
for instance, which demonstrates an unstable characteristic in terms of elicitation at different stimulus rates. In practice, increasing stimulus rate has to be restricted to prevent the AEPs from overlapping. Two newly developed deconvolution techniques, so called continuous loop averaging deconvolution (CLAD) and multirate steadystate averaging deconvolution (MSAD) have been proposed to retrieve high rate AEP. As the computational theory and experimental paradigm are different for the two methods, it is thus in need of adequate experimental evaluation for high rate AEPs. This study investigated the elicitation of the deconvolved AEPs at 40 Hz sampled from eleven healthy adults in comparison with the conventional AEP at 5 Hz. Results show that the main components of 40 Hz transient AEPs can be fully elicited, while the elicitation rate for conventional AEPs is 72.73% for N
b
, and 54.55% for P
b
; likewise the comparison with mean variable coefficient is 6.57% vs. 11.18%, and the correlation coefficient is 0.87 vs 0.70. These results indicate the promising application of the two deconvolution techniques, and suggest that the main components of 40 Hz transient AEPs can be of substantial advantage over the conventional one.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 539-545 [
Abstract
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229
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546
Recognition of Pathological Voice Based on Entropy and Support Vector Machine
ZHAO Bing Xin HU Wei Ping
*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.06
To solve the problems of short data and noisy recordings in pathological voice signals, this paper extracted some entropy feature parameters of pathological voice proposed in recent years, including sample entropy, multiscale entropy, fuzzy entropy and hierarchical entropy. Based on hierarchical decomposition method, we developed hierarchical multiscale entropy and hierarchical fuzzy entropy. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to distinguish the test set including 39 cases of normal and 36 cases of pathological voices. Results showed that three level hierarchical entropy，hierarchical multiscale entropy and hierarchical fuzzy entropy all achieved higher recognition rates and better stabilities using the proposed method. Pathological voice’s three level hierarchical fuzzy entropy feature got a better and more stable SVM recognition rate of 97.33% by extracting 2000 points. Compared with fuzzy entropy, the recognition rate was increased about 4.00%. The entropy method provide valuable preference for clinical analysis of short pathological voice time series contaminated by noise, which is benefit for clinical application of pathological voice analysis.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 546-552 [
Abstract
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315
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425
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553
Common Spatial Spectral Pattern for Motor Imagery Tasks in Small Channel Configuration
MENG Jian Jun SHENG Xin Jun
*
YAO Lin ZHU Xiang Yang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.07
Targeting to the deficient recording condition with 2～3 channels, a novel method, multiple timedelayed common spatial spectral pattern (CSSP), was proposed in this paper. In this approach, 2～10 timedelayed Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for each channel were used to expand the number of EEG channels and then common spatial pattern (CSP) was used to extract the features. Mutual information criterion was applied to choose the optimal number of timedelayed signals. The proposed method was tested by the IIb datasets of 9 subjects in BCI Competition 2008 and datasets of 13 subjects in our experiments. The average Kappa coefficients for the two datasets are 0.6 and 0.34, respectively. This method automatically weights the importance of frequency in 8～30 Hz and enhances the classification accuracy in the case of deficient recording consequently.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 553-561 [
Abstract
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275
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562
Development of HighSpeed Medical Electrolyte Analyzer Based on Flow Injection
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.08
To meet the demand of automatic biochemical analyzer electrolyte test, a flow injection dynamic ion analysis method was proposed based on method and experiments in this paper. The new method took advantages of flow injection analysis (FIA) and ion selective electrode (ISE). With embedded technology, we developed a new electrolyte module and tested its accuracy, precision, stability and cross contamination. Experiment results showed that the relative deviation and cross contamination of K
+
、Na
+
and Cl
-
were under 1%; the coefficient of variability respectively was 0.40%, 0.22% and 0.66% respectively; linearity error was -1.10%，-0.68% and -0.46% respectively; And stability was 1.11%, 0.76% and 1.39% respectively. The clinical results showed that the electrolyte module met the requirement of the clinical application. Compared with conventional electrolyte analyzer, this module can be applied together with automatic biochemical analysis instrument; moreover, its test speed reached 150 samples/h, which allows it to be used in the field of highspeed electrolyte analysis
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 562-571 [
Abstract
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328
)
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470
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572
Quantitative Analysis for the Difference between Muscle Activity of Bilateral Lower Extremities Based on sEMG
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.09
Most of the studies about active rehabilitation robot use sEMG signal as the control source, and they usually relied on unilateral data collection, base on the gait symmetry hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative difference between the muscle activity of the bilateral lower extremities. Nine healthy subjects consented to participate in the study that included collection the sEMG signals of bilateral pairs of muscles (tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius) of the lower extremities during the static stability (standing straight) and the dynamic stability (walking). The sEMG signals were normalized by the MVC value. Comparing the level of the muscle activity of the bilateral lower extremities during the two kinds of experiments, we observed significant differences between the muscles. The right TA muscle activity was 3.1 times that of the left side, and left MG muscle activitiy was 1.5 times that of the right side at the static stability; during dynamic stability, strong negative correlation existed between the difference of muscle activity of the bilateral lower extremities and speeds (r
TA
=-0.759，r
MG
=-0.639). In summary, the experimental results showed that there were significant differences between the muscle activity of the bilateral lower extremities, which have strong negative correlation with speeds, though the bilateral muscles had same function and recruitment pattern. The results are of significance of setting the motion control threshold of the active bilateral exoskeleton rehabilitation robot and the rehabilitation assessment of the stroke patients that base on sEMG.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 572-579 [
Abstract
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412
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706
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580
Protein Structural Class Prediction Based on Multi-Feature and Ma-Ada Multi-Classifier Fusion
ZHENG Bin LI Li Hua
*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.010
Protein sequence feature and machine learning algorithm are two important aspects to determine the results of protein structural class prediction. In this study, we established 17-D and 57-D feature information sets through fusing the sequence information, physical and chemical information with the secondary structure information based on the kword statistical frequency and the kfragment distribution feature extraction method. By introducing MultiAgent's idea into Adaboost.M1 algorithm, a novel method for protein structural class prediction, called MaAda multiclassifier fusion algorithm, was proposed, which fully utilized the information of the single classifier metric layer and the fusion of information among individual classifiers. Four protein datasets including Z277, Z498, 1189, D640 were used to validate the performance of the Ma-Ada algorithm. Classification accuracies are 91.3 %, 96.8 %, 85.3% and 87.2 % with 57-D features, and 90.6 % , 95.8 %, 84.8 % and 88.3 % with 17 D features on datasets Z277, Z498, 1189 and D640, respectively. The experimental results show better.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 580-587 [
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249
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588
The SelfTraining SemiSupervised Support Vector Machine Based on Wavelet Entropy for the Evaluation of the Elderly Gait
WU Jian Ning
*
WU Bin
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.011
This work investigated the application of the semisupervised learning algorithm to analysis of the unlabeled gait data for evaluating the elderly gait. The novel gait classification algorithm that the selftraining semisupervised support vector machine(SVM) based on wavelet entropy for the discrimination between the young and elderly gait pattern was addressed. In the selftraining, wavelet entropy was employed to obtain labeled samples from unlabeled dataset. The most valuable information related to the gait change was acquired for current gait classifier model, which obviously improved the gait classification performance of SVM. The labeled gait sample datasets including 10 young and 10 elderly participants were used to develop SVM that was employed to classify the unlabelled gait dataset from 120 subjects of different age groups. The new labeled gait data, obtained by our defined wavelet entropy, were selected and constructed the new sample train dataset for developing selftraining SVM. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of our proposed algorithm is 90% in recognization of the young and elderly gait pattern. Furthermore, the accuracy of our proposed algorithm was increased approximately 5% compared with that of the classification algorithm by the supervised support vector machine, suggesting that our proposed technique can obtain more information related to gait change from the labeled and unlabeled gait dataset, and provides a new tool for assessment of elder gait.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 588-594 [
Abstract
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488
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491
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595
Effects of Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan (N-HA/CS) on MC3T3-E1 Cell and Metabolic Organ in SD Rats
WANG Li Ting
1，2
ZHOU Gang
1
FAN Yu Bo
1*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.012
Composite conmposed of nanohydroxyapatite and chitosan (n-HA/CS) is widely used in the field of bone repair and alternative. To investigate the degradation effects of nHA/CS on metabolism organs in SD rat and analyze the possible mechanism, particulate n-HA/CS was prepared by precipitation and characterized by IR and XRD. Serum biochemical parameters measurement and histopathological analysis were performed to evaluate the composite toxicity after 8 weeks of composite implantation (100 mg/kg). Results show that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels was 29.6 mmol/L, creatinine (CR) levels was 66.9 umol/L, total bilirubin (T-B) and indirect bilirubin (I-B) levels were also increased to 1.79 umol/L and 1.32umol/L. Compared with that of control, there were significant differences (P≤0.05). A large number of apoptotic instead of necrosis cells were observed in the liver and renal proximal tubule tissue. It is concluded that the toxicity of n-HA/CS is attributable to the cells apoptosis.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 595-600 [
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304
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429
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601
The Effect of Nanoparticle on Vitrification of Porcine GV-Stage Oocytes
LI Wei Jie
1
ZHOU Xin Li
1
*
LIU Bao Lin
1
DAI Jian Jun
2
LV Fu Kou
1
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.013
Nano-cryopreservation is a promising new way in the next generation of cryopreservation technology; however, using nanoparticles in oocytes vitrification has been rarely reported. This paper investigated the effect of hydroxy apatite (HA), silica, aluminum oxide, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the cryoprotectant on the survival rate and developmental rate of porcine GV- stage oocytes. The cells were cryopreserved in Cryotop and observed using fluorescence staining methods. Results showed that HA nanoparticles have the lowest cytotoxicity among the other nanoparticles, the developmental rate of GV-stage porcine oocytes was 100% when concentrate of HA was lower than 0.5%. When the concentration of HA was 0.1% in the cryoprotectant, the developmental rate of GV-stage porcine oocytes was 22% in Cryotop, which was significantly higher than that in the other groups. The size of nanoparticles exerted little influence. When 0.05% HA nanoparticles (60 nm in diameter) were added, the developmental rate increased dramatically from 14.7% in control group to 30.4%. In conclusion, adding appropriate concentration of HA nanoparticles to cryoprotectant can reduce recrystallization during rewarming and promote survival rate and developmental rate of oocytes after freezing and rewarming. The effect of HA nanoparticles is concentration dependent, while independent to diameters of the nanoparticles.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 601-605 [
Abstract
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409
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812
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606
Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress on Lipid Metabolism in Microencapsulated HepG2 Cells and Exogenous Regulation
XIAO Jing
1,2
ZHANG Ying
1
YU Wei Ting
1
WANG Wei
1
MA Xiao Jun
1*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.014
To investigate the relationship of endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism imbalance in microencapsulated cells, we compared the expression of glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in HepG2 cells under different culture conditions using real-time PCR. Cell viability was measured by MTT and the content of cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG) and albumin were evaluated through ELISA assay. The effect of 4-PBA treatment on above parameters were examined. Results show that the expression levels of GRP78 and CHOP in encapsulated cells were approximately 3.6 and 1.9 times higher than in monolayer cells (P<0.05). As for the contents of CHO and TG, they were elevated to 1.7 and 3.2 times higher than monolayer cells (P<0.05). With 1.0 mM 4-PBA treatment, genes expression of CHO and TG was reduced by 50% and 30%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of CHO and TG were reduced by 30% and 15%. The biosynthetic function was increased since day 10 with 4-PBA (P<0.05). In conclusion, endoplasmic reticulum stress exists in the microcapsules and affects lipid metabolism. Antagonist 4-PBA can prevent the inhibition effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on cellular growth.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 606-612 [
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341
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501
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613
Research Progress in Experimental Paradigm of Auditory Based BrainComputer Interface
GUO Miao Miao
1
XU Gui Zhi
1*
WANG Lei
1
GAO Hai Juan
1
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.015
Brain-computer interface (BCI) based on visual paradigm has been highly effective and widely used. However, many patients suffering from complicated lockedin state have compromised vision, which makes them unable to use a visualbased BCI. Auditory BCI provides a potential novel communication way for them, which requires investigations. This paper reviewed the development status about auditory-based BCI. Four experimental paradigms of auditory-based BCI such as P300, auditory steady-state response, selective attention, spatial orientation were summarized in this article, along with a brief comparison to each other. Furthermore, existing problems of auditory BCI in application were proposed and future research directions were discussed as well.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 613-619 [
Abstract
] (
547
)
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870
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620
Research Progress of Chitosanbased Nanomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
LI Xiao Jing
1
WANG Xin Mu
2
DONG Yan
1*
GOU Zhong Ru
3
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.016
Chitosan is the only one natural cationic polysaccharide possessing similar chemical structures to extracellular glycosaminoglycan. Chitosan has excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability as well as biological activity. In the past decade, chitosanbased nanomaterials have been widely studied in bone tissue engineering. The present paper reviews the researches and application potentials of chitosan nanocomposites, chitosan nanofibers and chitosan nanoparticles in biomedical fields. Investigation results show that chitosan nanocomposites, chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds and chitosan nanoparticles loading biological active factors and exogenous genes have wide promising potentials for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 620-625 [
Abstract
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482
)
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591
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626
Preliminary Study of Radiofrequency Induced Tissue Fusion in Colorectal Anastomosis
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.017
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 626-630 [
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197
)
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369
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631
Method of Removing Baseline Wandering in ECG Signals Based on a Diffusion Model
JIANG Yi Fa
1
ZHOU Qing
2*
YE Han Xiao
1
LIU Shi Shao
1
WANG Hai Sun
1
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.018
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 631-635 [
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317
)
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711
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636
Research on MultiClass Motor Imagery EEG Signal Processing
ZHAO Li GUO Xu Hong
*
GENG Li Qing
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.05.019
2013 Vol. 32 (5): 636-640 [
Abstract
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397
)
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