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2013 Vol. 32, No. 4 Published: 2015-08-20 385 Reconstruction of 6MV Xray Spectra of Medical Linear Accelerator Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm LIU Juan  ZHOU Zheng Dong*  CHEN Yuan Hua  WANG Dong Dong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.01 A method based on simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to reconstruct 6MV X-ray energy spectra from medical linear accelerators was investigated in this work, utilizing both measured percentage depth doses (PDD) and MonteCarlo simulated central axis PDD of monoenergy photons. As for the SA optimization, 60 energy bins were employed with different relative weights and the objective function was chosen as the correlation coefficient between reconstructed PDD (the products of relative weights and Monte-Carlo simulated PDD) and measured PDD. The optimal solution calculated by SA algorithm was exactly the spectrum of the accelerator. To verify the proposed method, a Monte-Carlo simulation of the accelerator treatment head was performed to calculate the 6MV photon energy spectrum for comparison. Results showed that the reconstructed spectrum was in good agreement with the MonteCarlo simulated spectrum in both shape and peak position; the derived PDD from reconstructed spectrum were highly consistent with the measured PDD with a rootmeansquare error of 1.56×10-4. Above experimental results indicated that reconstructing photon spectra based on SA algorithm with measured PDD was effective and reliable. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 385-389 [Abstract] ( 403 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (276 KB)  ( 692 ) 390 Cortical Networks of the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Partial Directed Coherence Analysis of EEG YANG Jun1   YAN Tuo1    XUE Qing2,3LI Ying Jie1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258.-8021.2013.04.02 The deficiency of brain connectivity has been discovered in cognitive processing of MCI in recent research. It is still unclear that how different brain regions influence each other and what causality is in the brain regions. The aim of this study was to analyze electroencephalography (EEG) directed cortical networks under cognitive task. Thirty elders, including 9 patients with MCI and 21 normal controls, participated in the experiment. We recorded their scalp EEG when they were judging whether the color of two graphics was matched or not. The first 1 seconds EEG data after the stimulus onset were extracted to calculate Partial Directed Coherence. Results showed that the deficiency information flow of right prefrontal cortex and abnormal enhance information flow of left central area were observed in MCI; The input degrees of the front hemisphere were higher than the back hemisphere in both controls and patients. The input degrees of right hemisphere were higher than left hemisphere in controls，but there were not significant differences in patients. Under specific threshold: the input degrees of left hemisphere in controls were lower than MCI under match task (threshold was 0.14, F=3.780，P=0.040); the input degrees of left hemisphere in controls were lower than MCI under no match task (threshold was 0.26, F=3.280，P=0.040); the input degrees of right hemisphere in controls were lower than MCI under no match task (threshold was 0.18, F=3.941，P=0.021). We used the input degree to prove that the MCI had the deficit in right hemisphere under color cognitive task. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 390-396 [Abstract] ( 441 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (658 KB)  ( 1078 ) 397 Cell Membrane Damage by Ultrasound in Combination with Protoporphyrin Ⅸ on S180 Tumor Cells XUE Qin   WANG Xiao Bing*    LIU Quan Hong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.03 The effects of 1 μg/mL protoporphyrin Ⅸ（PpⅨ）combined with focused ultrasound at the frequency of 1.1 MHz and intensity of 3 W/cm2 on the damage of cell membrane of S180 tumor cell were studied in this paper. Results showed that the ultrasound combined with PpⅨ induced more serious damage of the cells membrane than the ultrasound or the PpⅨ alone. We demonstrated that acid phosphatase activity of the treatment group of ultrasound combined with PpⅨ was decreased from 0.63 ± 0.03 to 0.34 ± 0.01 compared with that of the control group. The structures of cell membrane were destroyed seriously with disappearance of microvilli and partial loss of cytoplasmic constituents in the observation of scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, after the treatment, the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, the content of membrane sialic acid (SA) and intracellular GSH were all reduced significantly (P<0.05). The data indicated that part of membrane proteins was lost. It was also shown that the level of mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly, the mean fluorescence intensity of Rhodamin 123 was decreased from 14 082.78± 840.40 to 7 801.53± 409.15. And cytochrome C oxidase activity was reduced to 0.008 U/min/mg. The results indicated that the mitochondria maybe the target of ultrasound PpⅨ on S180 tumor cells. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 397-402 [Abstract] ( 336 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (420 KB)  ( 584 ) 403 Detecting Neuronal Unit Spikes during Electrical Stimulation Periods FENG Zhou Yan* XIAO Qian Jiang    HU Zhen Hua DOI: 10》3969/j.issn.0258-8021.20130404 Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat disorders in clinical practice, such as Parkinson’s disease of central nervous system. However, the mechanisms of DBS are not clear yet. In order to investigate the changes of action potential (i.e., unit spike) firings of individual neurons during the periods of electrical stimulation, we designed an interpolation method to remove stimulation artifacts together with evoked potentials with large amplitudes. Thresholds of signal slope were used to determine the end points of interpolation segment thereby minimizing the nonusable period (NP) of spike detection. The method was used to analyze the spike activity during either orthodromic or antidromic stimulation of hippocampal CA1 region in rat brain. Results showed that the NP immediately following stimulation could be shortened by ～8 ms using the method. A further decrease of the influence was achieved by using spline interpolation instead of linear interpolation. The novel method can be used to detect spike signals during the periods of high frequency stimulation efficiently, providing a simple and practicable method to investigate the neuronal activity during DBS. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 403-410 [Abstract] ( 350 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1204 KB)  ( 918 ) 411 Automaticity Control by Membrane and Calcium Clocks in Ischemic Sinoatrial Node ZHANG Hong1*  YANG Lin2  ZHAO Wei3  ZHENG Xiao1 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.05 Ischemiainduced sinus bradycardia and beating pause are commonly occurred in clinics, but its ionic mechanisms are still not very clear. Based on the action potential dynamic model of the sinoatrial node cell (SANC), and by increasing the extracellular K+ and intracellular Na+ concentrations, enhancing Ltype Ca2+ current ICaL, decreasing NaCa exchange current INCX and Ttype Ca2+ current ICaT, we simulated the ischemia and quantitatively studied the role of individual factor in SANC automaticity. Additionally, by developing a onedimensional SANatrium tissue model on the monodomain equation, the electrical propagation state and role of calcium clock were studied as well. Results showed that during ischemia the enhanced ICaL and accumulation of K+ had little impacts on automaticity. Although decreasing ICaT by one time caused 13% drop in beating frequency, automaticity still remained. However, potential oscillation and even beating pause were found after elevating intracellular Na+by 10% or reducing INCX by 55%. Further study showed that the impact of intracellular Na+on automaticitywas actually realized through the indirect decrease of INCX.Therefore, we suggest that reduction of INCX is a crucial factor to cause sinus bradycardia and even pause during ischemia. In addition, during ischemia, the automaticity was able to recover through enhancing calcium clock activity, suggesting the synergistic membrane and calcium clocks are fundamentals to the automatic depolarization of SANC. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 411-417 [Abstract] ( 201 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1035 KB)  ( 490 ) 418 Using Network Component Analysis to Dissect Dynamic Expression of Gene and Network Structure in Alzheimer's Disease KONG Wei1*CUI Di Bo1MOU Xiao Yang 2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.20130406 Regulating the relationship between the analysis of transcription factors and target genes and building transcriptional regulatory networks are of great significance for the study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, early diagnosis and pharmaceutical. Network component analysis (NCA) is a way to dynamically predict transcription factor activity and performance affect relations. According to a priori knowledge that transcription factor regulates multiple genes and induces the changes of gene expression, in this article  10 transcription factors were pretreated and 85 target genes were selected for network component analysis, and 162 of regulation relationship were used to build AD gene regulatory networks to form and show the dynamic regulation of relations and the role of transcription factor target genes. Dynamic prediction of transcription factor activity was varied significantly in line with the changes of its target genes regulating the pathological features of AD. For example, the expression values of the target gene NONO was increased from 3 126 to 4 508 in control with TF ANAPC5, but the expression values of the target gene YWHAZ was decreased from 6 000 to close to 0. The study provided a new insight and theoretical basis for The  pathogenic mechanism and  early diagnosis of AD. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 418-425 [Abstract] ( 240 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (883 KB)  ( 599 ) 426 search of Structural Connectivity of Cognitive Control Network in Childhood Absence Epilepsy Based on Diffusion Tensor Imaging XUE Kai Qing1    LUO Cheng1*  TIAN Yin1    YANG Tian Hua2LI Qi Fu2,3ZHOU Dong2YAO De Zhong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.07 It was reported that functional connectivity in cognitive control network (CCN) was altered  in patients with childhood absence epilepsy. In order to explore the structural connectivity in CCN, nine patients with childhood absence epilepsy and 12 healthy controls were recruited. The fiber bundles among regions of CCN were tracked by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in each subject. The parameters (including count, length, weight, mean of fractional anisotropic (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD)) of the each fiber bundle were assessed between the two groups using 2-sample Ttest. The significantly decreased FA and increased MD in main fiber bundles were detected in the patient group (Ps<0.05, Bonferroni corrected). Furthermore, the mean FA value in the fiber bundles between left prefrontal cortex and thalamus was negatively related to the epilepsy duration (P=0.011). These findings might provide potential structural evidence for the altered functional connectivity in CCN in absence epilepsy. The results implied that the abnormalities of structural connections might be one of the important factors that result in cognitive control dysfunction in the patients with childhood absence epilepsy. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 426-432 [Abstract] ( 197 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (750 KB)  ( 521 ) 433 The EEG Changes of Preand PostWatching 3DTV and the Hierarchical Placement of EEG Electrodes LI Zhong Qiang   XING Li Dong*   YU Dei Fei      QIAN Zhi Yu    WANG Hao Wen     WANG Xiao DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.08 The aim of this paper is to figure out the most obvious region change of the brain function area for 3DTV by detecting eyeclosed EEG signal’s changes of preand postwatching 3DTV and establish the special method of EEG electrode placement for 3DTV health assessment. Fourty of healthy, age at 21～23 years old male volunteers was selected. The experiment volunteers were divided into two groups to watch the same time 3DTV in a continuous or discontinuous experimental mode. The EEG signal of preand postwatching 3DTV in the whole experimental process was recorded. By contrasting the changes of three bands α, β and θ waves’ relative energy, R value and A/B value of all channels of preand postwatching 3DTV eyeclosed signal and counting the number of the channels with the statistical significance in all the brain regions, the changes in various brain regions was analized. By analyzing α, β, θ wave relative energy, A/B value and R value of the two groups’ EEG signal, in the vision region and its vicinity the channels with the statistical significance were O1, O2, P3 and T6 channels; in the frontal region the channels with the statistical significance were FP2, F3 channels; in the rest of the regions, only the central region channel C4 had statistical significant variation. The most obvious change in every brain region was the vision region followed by the frontal region; the central zone was the slight obvious region. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 433-439 [Abstract] ( 244 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (938 KB)  ( 403 ) 440 EEG Response to Patients Own Name and Music in Severe Disorders of Consciousness BAI Lu1#YANG Wen Wei1#LI Yi1LI Jing Qi2SHEN Cai Xian1Xu Wei Dong1YANG Yong1 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.09 Patient’s own name and music stimulations are the most commonly used means in clinical awaking therapy for patients in vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS). Therefore, to explore the mechanism of patient's brain EEG response to those different sound stimulations is of great value in clinical practice. In this paper, to compare the EEG responses to the different sound stimulations in the vegetative and minimally conscious states, 33 patients with severe consciousness disorder were selected in the study. Changes of EEG’s wavelet energy value before and after the stimulations lasting 60 s were calculated and statistically analyzed using wavelet transform method under 3 different sounds stimulations. Results showed that for MCS state, EEG energy change under patient’s own name stimulation ( mean value was 3.839) was greater  than both other subject’s name stimulation (mean value was 1.609 with P<0.05 vs patient’s own name ) and Chinese classical music stimulation (mean value was 1.937 with P<0.05 vs patient’s own name); for VS state, it was also showed that EEG energy change under patients’s own name stimulation (mean values was 2.873 ) was greater than other subject’s name stimulation(mean value was 1.443 with P<0.05 vs patient’s own name) and Chinese classical music stimulation (mean value was 1.263 with P<0.05 vs patient’s own name). In conclusion, patients in MCS state or VS state, EEG energy change under patient‘s own name stimulation was greater than other subject’s name stimulation and Chinese classical music stimulation; Patients in MCS state produced a greater EEG response than those in VS state under the sound stimulations. This study provided a experimental foundation for the clinical awaking therapy by means of patients own name and music stimulations for patients in the vegetative and minimally conscious states. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 440-447 [Abstract] ( 265 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (817 KB)  ( 657 ) 448 Medical Image Fusion Algorithm Based on Sparse Representation and Pulse Coupled Neural Network WU Shuang      QIU Tian Shuang* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.010 A novel fusion algorithm for medical image based on sparse representation and pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) was proposed to meet the demand of computeraided diagnosis from the medical images. First, the K-SVD algorithm was used to obtain the redundant dictionary of the joint matrix which was obtained by sliding window technique. Next, sparse coefficients for the joint matrix were set up through orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm. Then, the sparse coefficients were fused by a PCNN based on their characteristics. At last, the fused image was obtained by transforming the fused matrix which was got by the fused sparse coefficients and redundant dictionary. Ten groups of coaligned medical images were tested by experiments and the quality of the fused image was evaluated by five kinds of commonly used objective criterions. Comparing with the other two popular medical image fusion algorithms, the proposed algorithm was optimal for the four object indexes except for  QAB/Findex, the mean of Piella, QAB/F and BSSIM indexes were 0.760 5, 0.877 1 and 0.537 3 respectively. The texture, edge and contrast of fused image were optimal. Subjective and objective analysis of the results showed the advantages of the proposed algorithm. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 448-453 [Abstract] ( 323 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (602 KB)  ( 577 ) 454 A Method of Isoform Expression Calculation for RNA-Seq Data LIU Xue Jun* LI Meng  ZHANG Li DOI: 10-3969/j.issn.0258.8021.2013.04.011 RNA-Seq is a new experimental technique for trancriptome research based on highthroughput sequencing. It is increasingly used in the research of alternative splicing variation. There are two difficulties in the analysis of RNA-Seq data. One is readisoform multimapping, the other is nonuniform distribution of reads along the gene reference sequence. This paper proposed a new method, so called LDAseq, to calculate isoform expression level based on LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) commonly used to model text corpora. LDAseq utilized the known geneisoform annotation to constrain the hyperparameters for dealing with readisoform multimapping. To modeling the non-uniform distribution of reads along reference sequence, LDAseq introduced “probes” with fixed length to break up the long reference sequence. We applied LDAseq to a mouse dataset and a human breast cancer dataset, and compared the performance of LDAseq with currently used alternatives, such as Cufflinks and RSEM. Results showed that the computation accuracy of LDAseq was increased 75.5% and 62.8% compared with that of Cufflinks and RSEM, respectively. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 454-463 [Abstract] ( 392 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (981 KB)  ( 1036 ) 464 An HTML5-Based Epidemiology Data Acquisition System for Colorectal Cancer LIU Fang  DENG Ning*  ZHENG Ling  WANG Li  DUAN Hui Long DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.012 Colorectal cancer is a serious disease endangering human life. Acquiring epidemiology data of the highrisk population can gain a comprehensive understanding of their health related information such as dietary habits, personal medical history and family disease history, which facilitates early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. An epidemiology data acquisition system for colorectal cancer based on B/S architecture which can work offline was reported in this article. The system was developed by combining ASP.NET with HTML5 offline web applications. Web Service was asynchronously called by jQuery for submitting epidemiology data to serverside when the system was on line, and Web SQL Database was used to store epidemiology data in clientside while the system was off line. As test result indicated, the system was not only loaded to several mobile platforms such as iOS and Android conveniently, but also worked well regardless of network condition, meeting the practical requirement of acquiring epidemiology data by mobile terminals in places without network connection. A total of 178 epidemiological data from colorectal cancer patients was collected using this system. The data have been stored in the translational research platform. It was shown that taking advantage of HTML5, two issues of epidemiology data acquisitions system, that is, platformdependence and networkdependence, could be solved validly at the same time. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 464-470 [Abstract] ( 295 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1011 KB)  ( 438 ) 471 A Control System for the Myoelectric Prosthetic Hand with Adjustable Grip Speed GUAN Long        YI Jin Hua     LI Ji Cai      HE Rong Rong        SHI Ping  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.013 In this study,an intelligent electromyography prosthetic hand with adjustable grip speed was developed. In this system, the surface electromyography signals (sEMG) acquierd by surface electrodes was preliminarily amplified about 150 times and processed using frequency domain analysis method. Through threshold and the equivalent calculation, the control signal was input into the driving circuit of DC micro motor for the prosthetic hand. 10 volunteers attended the gripping experiments and each experiment was repeated five times. Under the condition that the amplitudes of sEMG were 500, 1 000and 1 500 mV, the mean and standard deviation of the signals, including output voltage, output current and grip strength, were recorded. The relations among output voltage, output current, grip strength and sEMG ampltude were obtained by fitting analysis. The results indicated that the prosthetic hand speed positively corelated with the output voltage. with load but not overload， grip strength increased with the increasing output current. The results proved the stability of the developed system. And the grasping speed of the system can be adjusted as well. The system with adjustable grip speed improves the flexibility of the prosthet hand. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 471-476 [Abstract] ( 228 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (929 KB)  ( 388 ) 477 Projection Based Optic Disk Detection Method in Retinal Fundus Image ZHANG Dong Bo1, 2,*  YI Yao1 ZHAO Yuan Yuan 1 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.014 In order to utilize the vessel distribution and optic disc (OD) appearance characteristics effectively, a novel OD localization method based on 1-D projection was proposed in this work. First, vertical windows with 2 main vessel widths were used to compute the vascular scatter degree of every horizontal position, and corresponding horizontal projection curve was plotted, the horizontal location of OD was identified as the location of the minimum position of the horizontal projection curve. Next, a rectangular window slid up to down at determined horizontal location to obtain the brightness and edge gradient features of local regions, and corresponding vertical projection curve was plotted. The maximum peak of the vertical projection curve was set as the vertical position of OD. The proposed method was tested with four publiclyavailable databases and a selfselection database. The OD was successfully located in 357 images out of 380 images (94%). And the average time for one image in STARE dataset was 13.2 s. Regarding to accuracy and efficiency, the proposed method was easy to implement and present good robust performance. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 477-483 [Abstract] ( 292 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (716 KB)  ( 677 ) 484 Segmentation Research of Pulmonary Parenchyma Based on Improved Convex Hull Algorithm LI Jin    ZHENG Bing    LIANG Hong*  DENG Yu Lin DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.015 Accurate segmentation of pulmonary parenchyma has been one important research content of the computeraided diagnosis of lung disease. Pulmonary parenchyma area with lesions cannot be divided by most of the traditional method of segmentation, and a great impact is brought for the image analysis and computeraided decision.Thus, a lung parenchyma segmentation algorithm was proposed for lung CT image with edgetype pulmonary nodules. The algorithm is easy to implement and has a better experimental results. Firstly, we used conventional method to extract the rough contour of pulmonary parenchyma. Secondly, in connection with the absence of lung parenchyma lesions in the previous step, an improved twodimensional convex hull algorithm was proposed to repair the pulmonary parenchyma contour. Finally, the pulmonary parenchyma internal contour was acquired by using regional growth and morphology comprehensively. The test results of the experiment on 200 clinical chest CT images showed that: compared with the existing ball pivoting algorithm and convex hull algorithm to repair the lung parenchyma, the algorithm proposed in this paper has higher accuracy. The accuracy rate can reach 90% or more. Lesions like borderline pulmonary nodules can be represented exactly and it is the basics of establishing the efficient pulmonary disease diagnosis system. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 484-490 [Abstract] ( 331 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1013 KB)  ( 691 ) 491 The Effect of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation on TendonHealing in a Rabbit Achilles Tendon Experimental Model HUA Ping1*   LV Hu2         ZHOU YingYong3         LI JiaRong2 & DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.016 The present study investigated the healing effect of amniotic membrane (AM) as a biological extracellular matrix scaffold on broken achilles tendon in a rabbit model．Sixty rabbits were allocated to histological evaluations at two, four, and six weeks and to biomechanical studies at the same time points. Hindlimbs of both sides were conducted surgery, one of the hindlimbs was taken as a control for the other．For AM group, the laceration site was wrapped with amniotic membrane. The wound healing, peritendinous adhesion and crosssectional areas of the laceration sites between two groups were examined. Histological evaluation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining technique, immunohistochemical staining for collagen type I and III was conducted as well. Tensile strength of the tendons was tested and modulus of the tendons was calculated．Modulus of hindlimbs for four naive rabbits was tested at the beginning of the experiments and taken as a common control. There was no a wound infected with germs and the wound of all animals healed in one week. There was significant difference in peritendinous adhesion and the crosssectional areas of the laceration sites between the two groups (P<0.05). The peritendinous adhesion and the crosssectional areas of the laceration sites were significantly lower in the AM treatment group. The inflammatory response was the most apparent at two weeks in both groups, but the cellularity of inflammatory cells at two weeks was significantly lower in the AM treatment group (P <0.05), including neutrophils，mononuclear cells and total cell count．There was no definitive difference in the amount of fibroblasts and collagen between the two groups (P>0.05). The structures of collagen type I and III were more organized in the AM treatment group, especially at six weeks post the surgery. The modulus of the tendons were significantly higher in the AM treatment group (P <0.05)  at two and four weeks. In conclusion, the amniotic membrane enhanced maturation of the histological organization of the fibroblasts and collagen fibers, improved the material property of the lacerated tendons, restrained inflammatory response and peritendinous adhesion in the early healing period． 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 491-498 [Abstract] ( 218 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1382 KB)  ( 578 ) 499 A Big Challenge of Surgical Robot—Haptic Feedback GUO Song       YANG MingJie     TAN Jun* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.017 Due to high accuracy and minimal invasive, robotic surgery has been widely accepted by surgeons. However, the lack of intraoperative sense of touch (haptic feedback) can increase uncertainty and bring risks in the surgery, which is regarded as the biggest limitation of the robot surgery and require further development. In this article, haptic feedback system was reviewed from the system composition, key techniques and current research status. Haptic feedback includes force feedback and tactile feedback. The implementation of the system relies on the haptic sense and display.Commonly used haptic sensor, display device, sensory substitution techniques and the analysis on the corresponding advantages and disadvantages were introduced in the review. Research progress of the haptic feedback system in surgical robot was outlined as well. At last, the future research direction was suggested on the basis of the previous studies. 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 499-503 [Abstract] ( 557 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (272 KB)  ( 2368 ) 504 Electronic Medical Records Information Sharing Based on the Health Information Platform SHEN Jian Feng1,2WANG Wei2   DU Ping3   LOU Yi2     HUANG Yuan2    LI Lan Juan1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.018 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 504-507 [Abstract] ( 249 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (218 KB)  ( 624 ) 508 Extraction of Respiratory Wave from Photoplethysmography Signals ZOU Zi Run1 CHEN Zhen Cheng2* ZHU Jian Ming2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.04.019 2013 Vol. 32 (4): 508-512 [Abstract] ( 514 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (845 KB)  ( 2706 )

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