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Abstract The present study investigated the healing effect of amniotic membrane (AM) as a biological extracellular matrix scaffold on broken achilles tendon in a rabbit model．Sixty rabbits were allocated to histological evaluations at two, four, and six weeks and to biomechanical studies at the same time points. Hindlimbs of both sides were conducted surgery, one of the hindlimbs was taken as a control for the other．For AM group, the laceration site was wrapped with amniotic membrane. The wound healing, peritendinous adhesion and crosssectional areas of the laceration sites between two groups were examined. Histological evaluation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining technique, immunohistochemical staining for collagen type I and III was conducted as well. Tensile strength of the tendons was tested and modulus of the tendons was calculated．Modulus of hindlimbs for four naive rabbits was tested at the beginning of the experiments and taken as a common control. There was no a wound infected with germs and the wound of all animals healed in one week. There was significant difference in peritendinous adhesion and the crosssectional areas of the laceration sites between the two groups (P<0.05). The peritendinous adhesion and the crosssectional areas of the laceration sites were significantly lower in the AM treatment group. The inflammatory response was the most apparent at two weeks in both groups, but the cellularity of inflammatory cells at two weeks was significantly lower in the AM treatment group (P <0.05), including neutrophils，mononuclear cells and total cell count．There was no definitive difference in the amount of fibroblasts and collagen between the two groups (P>0.05). The structures of collagen type I and III were more organized in the AM treatment group, especially at six weeks post the surgery. The modulus of the tendons were significantly higher in the AM treatment group (P <0.05) at two and four weeks. In conclusion, the amniotic membrane enhanced maturation of the histological organization of the fibroblasts and collagen fibers, improved the material property of the lacerated tendons, restrained inflammatory response and peritendinous adhesion in the early healing period．
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