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2015 Vol. 34, No. 3
Published: 2015-06-20
257
Study on the Differences of EarlyMid ERP Components Induced by Scene Situation and Face Expression Images
Wang Xin Jin Jingna Li Song Liu Zhipeng
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Yin Tao
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DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.001
Researches about the cerebral processing mechanism of emotions have important scientific significance and application value. To probe different cortical processing mechanisms of emotions induced by scene situation and face expression images, 16 graduate students (7 males, average age 27±3) were organized in the experiments. The electroencephalogram was recorded when subjects viewing scene situation and face expression images (separately divided in three types of positive, negative and neutral), as well as experiencing and judging emotions. Earlymid occipital ERP (Event Related Potentials) components’ amplitudes under different emotional images were compared, and RMS (Root Mean Square) was calculated to analyze activation conditions of the whole brain. Results show that the N1 (170 ms) amplitudes induced by face images were larger than that of scene images and P2 (250 ms) amplitudes induced by face images were less than that of scene images, embodying the specificity of face processing and reprocessing mechanism of complex scenes. Negative scene images were processed preferentially and induced more obvious N1 components than positive and neutral scene images, while emotional images could be reprocessed more than the neutral images in the moment of P2. In addition, ERP amplitude comparisons among the whole brain displayed that occipital lobe was the main active region and frontal lobe responsible for emotional regulation was activated mainly in moments of N1 and P2. The above earlymid ERP component amplitude analyses fully showed differences on cerebral processing mechanism of emotions induced by scene situation and face expression images, which deserved further researches.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 257-263 [
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536
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264
Hemorrhages Detection in Fundus Image Based on k Means Clustering and Adaptive Template Matching#br#
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.002
Hemorrhages are early symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the accurate detection of hemorrhages in fundus images is an important contribution for building automatic screening system of DR, a novel algorithm based on kmeans clustering and adaptive template matching was proposed in this work. Firstly, HSV brightness correction and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization were applied to fundus images. Then, the candidate hemorrhages were extracted by using kmeans clustering. At last, adaptive template matching with normalized crosscorrelation and SVM classifier were used to screen the candidates, and the hemorrhages were detected. The approach was evaluated on 219 fundus images from the databases of DIARETDB. Using an image criterion, we achieved 100% sensitivity, 80% specificity and 924% accuracy. With a lesion criterion, we reached a sensitivity of 89% and a positive predictive value of 873%. The results show that hemorrhages in fundus images can be detected automatically using this method.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 264-271 [
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341
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272
On Detecting the Changes of Medical Behaviors in Clinical Pathways
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.003
To find out the changing trend of medical behaviors in clinical pathways (CPs) can present convincing evidence for the improvement of clinical pathway template and help to improve the medical quality of CPs. In this study, we proposed a twostep approach to detect medical behavior changes in CPs over time. In the first step, we adopted a wellknown probabilistic topic model, i.e., latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), to discover yearly treatment patterns w.r.t risk stratifications of patients from electronic medical records (EMR). With the discovered treatment patterns, the changes of medical behaviors were classified into six content change patterns (i.e., emerged, faded, stable, updown, downup and jumping) and three occurring time change patterns (i.e., earlyoccurred, stable and delayoccurred). The proposed method was evaluated via 12152 EMRS pertaining to the unstable angina pathway with time arranges of 10 years. Experimental results indicated that the proposed approach is effective to mine the significant changes of content and time of medical behaviors and therefore presents convincing evidences for scheduling better practice of CPs.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 272-280 [
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395
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281
Research for Respiratory Motion Gated with Detector Ring True Coincidence Event of PET/CT
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.004
The main degrading factor in the quality of PET/CT image of the thorax and upper abdomen is respiratory motion, exploring an effective method to reduce this effect in clinical is especially important. To improve the image quality, this paper presents a new respiratory motion gating method based on the detector ring true coincidence event, which use the feature of detector ring true coincidence event distribution changing with the movement phantom to gating the raw data. GATE (Geant4 Application Tomographic Emission) software package was used to simulate realistic PET/CT scanner, and the geometry phantom and NCAT (NURBs Cardiac Torso) phantom were built to simulate the lung motion. Next, the simulation raw data were gated by the proposed method and the 3-D image was reconstructed. Compared with the motionblurred image, the shape, size and position of the gated image is closer to the static image. In the coronal image, the quality of the gated image is better than the motionblurred image; the structural similarity (SSIM) were respectively raised 5%, 3% and 9% in the shape, size and position; in the sagittal image, the line profile curve of the gating image is similar to the static image, which is better than the motionblurred image. These results demonstrated that the proposed method reduced the motion artifact of PET/CT image effectively, making the lung cancer image more accurate, furthermore, effectively overcome the limitations of some methods.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 281-289 [
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366
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290
The Influence of Spontaneous Blinks on the Pupil Response and Fixation Position
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.005
The pupil response and fixation position are important variables in eye movement researches. However, they are susceptive to the disturbance of eye blinks. While most studies only focus on the data missing and fluctuation during blinks, but neglect the more extensive influence of blinks on pupil response and fixation position. Thus, present study aims to precisely examine the impacts of blink on pupil response and fixation position. We recorded the pupil size and fixation position using a video eye tracker, and indentifying the blinks based on these data in a simple prolonged fixation task. The temporal sequence was relined to the onset and end of the detected blinks. We observed a large fluctuation (approximately 12%) in the pupil response, which last approximately 4 seconds after the ending of eye blink. During this period, the pupil size was significantly smaller than the baseline from 300 to 1700 ms (P<FDR005). Meanwhile, the fixation errors induced by blinks amount to approximately 1° within the initial 200 ms after the ending of blinks, which was significantly greater than the baseline(P <FDR005). Moreover, the blinkinduced pupil variation could artificially bias the recorded eye position(with a maximum of 026°in the present study). Our results suggest that the spontaneous blinks affect the pupil size and fixation position to a much larger extent and longer duration than commonly assumed, which should be taken into consideration in the careful explanation of eye movement related experimental results.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 290-296 [
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252
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297
A Novel Fiber Orientation Distribution Reconstruction Method Based on Dictionary Basis Function Framework
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.006
Brain WM fiber orientation reconstruction is the throat of fiber imaging that set the premise of fiber tractgraphy. In conventional approaches, constraint conditions are dependent on prior information of fiber orientation, limiting the improvement of computation efficiency and precision. In this work, we presented a dictionary basic function based fiber orientation distribution function (fODF) estimation method. First, the uniform distribution of dictionary basis functions on unit sphere was established; second, spherical deconvolution (SD) model based on the dictionary basis functions was established; third, the coefficients of basic functions were directly obtained using nonnegative least square method. The proposed method successfully avoided the spurious peak, leases computation burden and eliminates higher order illposed inverse problem, which makes the sparsity and nonnegativity needed for the representation straightforwardly represented by weighted sums of basic functions. Experiments on simulated and clinical brain data both verified that computational complexity of the proposed method is much less than that of SuperCSD and QBI under the same conditions, such as, computational time of the method is a third as long as that of SuperCSD; the angular resolution of the method increases to a range of 20°, while SuperCSD is 40° and QBI is 60°. Because the method is simple and efficient, angular error does not change with such parameters as angle, and with the addition of the improvement of angular resolution and angular error performance, the probability of error fiber orientation reconstruction decreases to less than 8%, which will provide accurate local fiber orientation for fiber tractgraphy.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 297-307 [
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339
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308
Simulation of Epidural Stimulation in Rat Spinal Cord Based on Finite Element and Neuron Model
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.007
Clinical research demonstrated that epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) was able to facilitate motor function recovery after spinal cord injury, but the underlying neural mechanism must be explored by animal experiments. In this paper, based on the construction of finite element and neuron model of ESCS, the distribution of electric potentials was simulated in the rat spinal cord with a stimulating cathode located at the midpoint of L2 spinal segment. The excitation thresholds of typical spinal fibers were calculated to analyze the influence of the fiber location and pulse width on the recruitment of nerve fibers. The simulation results showed that the dorsal root fiber entering the spinal cord at the cathode level had the lowest excitation threshold of 041 V, whereas the excitation threshold of the ventral root fiber at the same level was 078 V and much higher than that of the most superficial dorsal column fiber with the excitation threshold of 047 V. The decrease of the fiberelectrode distance was able to improve the selectivity of fiber activation. It was also shown that the excitation threshold of dorsal column fibers at different depths within the midsagittal plane of spinal cord decreased with the increase of pulse width, whereas too long pulse width corresponded to the decreased slope of the varied activation threshold for dorsal column fibers. Therefore, the choice of an appropriate pulse width is essential to the activation of deep dorsal column fibers and the increasing activated area of the stimulated tissue. Our simulation results would offer guidance for the selection of stimulation parameters and the improvement of the stimulation selectivity during animal experiments.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 308-314 [
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341
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315
Osseointegration of MultiRoots Ti6Al4V Implant with Porous Surface Based on SLM Technology
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.008
The present study was to develop a multiroots dental implant (MRI) surface structure with fine osseointegration characteristics. Finite element method (FEM) was used to optimize a kind of connected pore structure; selective laser melting (SLM) technology was utilized to manufacture the MRIs. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Eighteen MRIs and 18 commercial implants with resorble blast media (RBM) treated surface were inserted into the left and right hind limb at proximal tibias. At the time point of 4, 8 and 12 weeks the rabbits were sacrificed and bone tissues with implant were collected. All specimens were scanned by microCT and then BV/TV values of two groups were obtained. After that the specimens were processed for undecalcified ground sectioning and stained by toluidine blue to observe bone formation around implant. The BV/TV value of experimental group was higher than the control group at the end of 4 weeks, and at the end of 12 weeks the value was significantly higher than control group (P < 005), the peak value was elevated up to 4783%. From the fitting curve of BV/TV value, bone mass around at MRIs were still increasing at the end of 12 weeks, while the control group had achieved a balance. Histological evaluations revealed that bone surround the MRIs were denser than those of RBM implants. At the end of 4 weeks bone tissue had grew into pore structures, and at the end of 8 weeks bone tissue were observed in the root bifurcating area. In conclusion, the multiroots dental implant with threedimensional connected pore structure surface manufactured by SLM technology enhance its initial stability, which is of great clinical value owe to its better osteogenic characteristics.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 315-322 [
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372
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323
Effect of Proliferation and Differentiation MC3T3E1 by Two Different Growth Factors in the Bone Substitution
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.009
More and more scientists focus on the growth factors that can improve the bone regeneration. The aim of the study was to prepare a bone scaffolds, and to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms in promoting osteogenesis on the socket of tooth extraction. Chitosan microspheres carrying two osteogenic factors, BMP2 or APN, were prepared by emulsion crosslinking, and then were mixed with ceramic bovine bone to form a novel drug delivery system. To compare the biological activity of the grafts, MC3T3E1 cells were seeded in the scaffold. The influence of the scaffold on cells proliferation and differentiation were investigated. Results show that the average diameter of the chitosan microspheres is 9634 μm. The scaffolds loading BMP2 or APN both contributed to the proliferation of osteoblasts MC3T3E1. Cells seeded in the scaffold loading BMP2 showed higher proliferation. However, cells seeded in the adiponectinloading scaffold showed a higher level in the expression of osteogenesisrelated proteins and genes compared with those in the BMP2 loading scaffold.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 323-329 [
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330
Magnetic Responsive Scaffolds Enhance Bone Repair in the Applied Magnetic Field
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.010
Bone tissue cannot accomplish selfhealing in critical size bone defects resulted from trauma, infection, tumor and congenital malformation. Using biomaterials that induce bone tissue regeneration to repair bone defects is an extremely important therapeutic strategy. However, slow bone formation is one of the difficulties in biomaterialinduced bone regeneration. In this work, a magnetic responsive nanofibrous composite film was fabricated with poly lactide acid (PLA), hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) and γFe2O3 nanoparticles (γFe2O3 NP) using electrospinning technique. The film was folded into a 3D scaffold that suitable for implantation in bone defect sites. The relationship between magnetic properties of composite materials and the percentage of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles was investigated using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The microstructure of films was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of magnetic responsive composites on inducing bone repair and regeneration in situ under an applied magnetic field was evaluated in bone transverse process disartitulation model of 12 healthy male New Zealand rabbits after 10,30,50 days implantation. Results indicate that the composite display a strong paramagnetic property and show a positive correlation with the proportion of iron oxide nanoparticles. In an applied magnetic field, the bone tissue regeneration in the disarticulation sites was accelerated with the guidance of the composite scaffold.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 330-336 [
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435
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337
The Mechanical Property and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Induction of Aligned and Random Electrospinning Fibrous Silk Fibroin Scaffolds
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.011
Due to its mechanical strength, biocompatibility and sterilizability, silk fibroin is frequently utilized as a natural boneregeneration material. To improve its mechanical character and reinforce cell movement induction, a highly aligned electrospinning fibrous scaffold of PCL/silk fibroin blend was fabricated with a rotating collector. Scanning electron microscope images were analyzed and mechanical properties of the scaffold were investigated by tensile mechanical tests, and compared to nonoriented scaffolds. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells were planted on the scaffolds to investigate its biocompatibility and cell movement insitu. Results shows that 91% fibers on the aligned fibroin scaffold were distributed between the dominant direction +/-10°. With ideal support for stem cell proliferation, the aligned fibrous scaffold could also induce cell elongation at a length of 23646±82 μm and distribution along the dominant fiber direction with a narrow spreading angle at 657±445 °. In conclusion, this novel aligned fibroin scaffold could provide a moderate mesenchymal stem cell engraftment interface and speedup the early stage cell movement toward the bone defect.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 337-344 [
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389
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345
Research Progress of Human Body Communication Technology
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.012
Human body communication is a new nonradiofrequency wireless communication technology using human body as the signal propagation path, designed for the communication between healthcare sensor network systems. It is one of three standard methods of wireless body area networks in the IEEE 802156. Human body communication can be classified into two basic types by different coupling: the capacitive coupling and the galvanic coupling. The principle of these two types of human body communications was presented firstly. Then the invention, the development and the actuality of human body communication technology were explained in details, and its strengths and weaknesses were summarized by comparing with other technologies. In the end, three important directions of future development were proposed including the human body communication of implanted devices, the human body communication for wireless power transfer and the human body communication base on magnetic coupling.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 345-353 [
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1010
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354
The Effect of Wall Shear Stress on Coronary Stent Restenosis
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.013
Coronary stent restenosis is a high incidence and severe medical event. Local hemodynamic factors, wall shear stress (WSS) in particular, critically affect the formation, progression and heterogeneity of atherosclerotic plaque. Emerging preclinical and clinical in vivo evidences now suggest that WSS may also contribute to the occurrence of stent restenosis. This review starts from the formation mechanism of instent restenosis, analyzes the mechanism of mechanical environment in coronary stent restenosis and elaborates the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research progress in haemodynamics associated with instent restenosis in detail.
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 354-359 [
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283
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360
The Construction of a Liver Model Baseed on Adaptive Hybriding Method
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.014
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 360-364 [
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222
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Study of the Rehabilitation Effect Evaluation of Brain Motor Function Based on the Method of Flow Gain
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.015
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 365-369 [
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370
Modeling and Simulation of Left Ventricular Circulation System Based on the Mitral Valve Model of TimeVarying Resistance
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.016
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 370-375 [
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365
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Study on Treatment of Osteochondral Dowels by Liquidustracking Method
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.017
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 376-380 [
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387
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381
Measurement of the Bundle Strain of Human Medial Patellofemoral Ligament
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2015.03.018
2015 Vol. 34 (3): 381-384 [
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