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2013 Vol. 32, No. 6 Published: 2013-12-20

	641	Feature Extraction and Recognition of Motor Imagery EEG Based on EMD-Multiscale Entropy and Extreme Learning Machine
		XIE Ping¹CHEN Xiao Ling¹SU Yu Ping²LIANG Zhen Hu¹LI Xiao Li^1*
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.01
		Brain electrical rhythms features of motor imagery are an important basis to recognize the movement patterns and realize the biofeedbackbased rehabilitation therapy. Based on the recognition method of contralateral motion imagery EEG, the feature extraction method for unilateral motion imagery EEG in different patterns was studied in this paper. A new method based on EMD-multiscale entropy (MSE) was proposed to quantitatively describe the EEG transient feature, and a movement pattern recognition model based on extreme learning machine was designed. Furthermore, the present method was tested with the EEG data from 10 healthy subjects performing the flexion and extension motion of unilateral arm, and the validity of the proposed method was verified by the analysis of EEG feature extraction and movement recognition, and the recognition rate was higher than 90%. It is revealed that the EMD-MSE method can quantitatively describe the EEG transient feature under different patterns, and furthermore, the ELM based on feed forward neural network can recognize the movement patterns.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 641-648 [Abstract] ( 372 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (836 KB) ( 904 )

	649	An Experimental Study on the Behavior of Streaming Potentials in Bone Microchannels
		WANG Yi Han XU Lian Yun^* FU Dong Hui HOU ZhenDe
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.02
		Mechanical loading is an important regulatory factor for bone mass and structure. Bone remodeling and formation are closely associated to metabolism. It is considered that electromechanical property of bone is a link between bone remodeling and mechanical loading, therefore, the streaming potential is one important direction in the electromechanical property of bone. The objective of this study is to confirm the difference of the produced streaming potential from buffer solution flowing through Haversian canal and bone canalicules by experiments. The streaming potential of eight bone specimens under five different loading rates was measured using selfdesigned testing system. The lateral surface of bone specimen was sealed by silicone rubber to simulate the flowing situation of buffer solution flowing through Haversian canal; while unsealed condition was used to simulate the situation of buffer solution flowing through Haversian canal and bone canalicules of osteon whose specimen surface was split at the same time. Result showed that corresponding to loading rates of 26, 36, 60, 180 and 360 kPa/s, when the lateral surface was sealed, the stable values of streaming potential respectively were (0.29±0.09），（0.24±0.06），（0.21±0.05），（0.19±0.05）and（0.16±0.04）mV. Under unsealed condition, the streaming potential was (069±008）,（0.61±0.09）,（0.57±0.07）,（0.51±0.05）and（0.46±0.05）mV, which was apparently higher than that under sealed condition (P < 0.05). Besides, the difference between the potentials reflects that the produced streaming potential when the buffer solution was flowing through bone canalicules was higher than that when the buffer solution was flowing through Haversian canal. Based on the microstructure of bone and in consideration of bone cells are mainly distributed near the bone canalicules, the experimental results provide the basis for study of streaming potential and bone remodeling.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 649-654 [Abstract] ( 234 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (593 KB) ( 347 )

	655	Correcting Respiratory Motion Blur in PET Images Based on Phantom and Deconvolution Algorithm
		MENG Xiang Hong¹CHEN Yang Chun²ZHENG Dong Qin^1*
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.03
		Motion blur in PET images induced by respiratory motion may influence the accuracy of tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a method of correcting the motion blur, which combined highfrequency sinusoidal vibration model and deconvolution technology, was proposed. The high-frequency sinusoidal vibration model is used to simulate the tumor motion due to respiration. The blur direction was identified by performing Radon transform on the quasicepstrum of motion blurred image. The blur extent was identified from bispectrum of motion blurred image rotated to make the motion direction vertical. Based on this, RichardsonLucy iterative algorithm is used to correct respiratory motion blurs. Experiments on phantom images show that both the tumor volume and mean standard uptake value (SUV) derived from restored images are closer to the true values. Compared to uncorrection motion blur images, the error of tumor volume estimation was decreased from 40% to 10%, and the error of SUV is decreased from 28% to 4%. The results demonstrate that the proposed correction approach can improve the accuracy of PET quantification by correcting the respiratory motion blurs.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 655-662 [Abstract] ( 290 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (646 KB) ( 418 )

	663	A New Method of Epileptic EEG Identification Based on Improved EMD
		PANG Chun Ying^*WANG Xiao Tian SUN Xiao Lin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.04
		In order to improve the recognition rate of epileptic EEG and to predict epileptic disease in the early stage of epileptic seizures, the characteristic wave extraction is very important in the process of clinical diagnosis of epilepsy. To solve this problem, a method that combined parallel extension with mirror extension to improve EMD algorithm was proposed. Firstly, extreme values were predicted respectively in the left and right endpoints of the original EEG using the parallel extension method. Then, the EMD method based on the mirror extension was used in order to avoid the end effect in the process of EMD. Finally, the SVM classifier was used for signal classification and recognition. The algorithm validation data were from EEG database of the Epilepsy Research Center, University of Bonn, Germany (50 cases normal EEG signals and 50 cases epileptic EEG signals). The result shows that the recognition rate (the sum of normal EEG and epileptic EEG) of total test EEG signals by this method can reach 94%, and the recognition rates of normal EEG and epileptic EEG are both 94%. This result is 5% higher than the recognition rate of EEG processed by the traditional EMD algorithm. Therefore the method can predict epileptic EEG effectively.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 663-669 [Abstract] ( 357 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (941 KB) ( 376 )

	670	Study on a Method for Orientation Design in Dental Implanting Based on Occlusal Center Recovery Mechanical Model
		DAI Ning^1*ZHAO Wei¹TANG Chun Bo²LIU Si Yu^2
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.05
		The direction of dental implant is one of the important factors of longterm success of dental implants. This paper presents a method for the initial orientation design of dental implants based on the occlusal center recovery mechanical model. The occlusal center recovery mechanical model was established with the data from the CT of the patients, the data of the dental cast models and the measured data of occlusal force. The established occlusal center recovery mechanical model was used in the quantitatively studies and to accomplish the initial orientation design. This method can provide the mechanical basis and references for the orientation design of implants, and further provide a new idea for the improvement of surgical guide of the existing implant system. This modeling and design method was applied and observed in six subjects. The results showed both the angle of mesiodistal inclination and the angle of buccolingual inclination are less than 10～15 degrees. Therefore, this method is feasible and effective.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 670-677 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (741 KB) ( 489 )

	678	Particle Image Velocimetry Experimental Study on the Flow Field in the Outflow Cannula of an Axial Left Ventricular Assist Pump
		LIU Guang Mao¹ZHOU Jian Ye^1*HU ShengShou^1，2SUN Han Song²CHEN Hai Bo¹ZHANG Yan
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258.-8021.2013.06.06
		The aim of this work is to study the blood flow distribution in outflow cannula of an axial left ventricular pump and analyze the risk of thrombosis in the axial blood pump outflow cannula according to the relationship between blood flow property and thrombogenesis. We obtained the flow distribution in the central section of the axial blood pump outflow cannula with the two dimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. Then the blood flow distribution in the whole outflow cannula with the three dimensional PIV system was obtained. The rotate speed of the blood pump was set to (10000±20) r/min with flux of 8.05 L/min in the testing. The possibility of thrombogenesis in the axial blood pump outflow cannula was estimated through analyzing the flow property in the outflow cannula. There were spiral flow and flow normal to the wall of cannula nearby the outlet of the blood pump. The two kinds of flow weaken off when the blood flowed through the outflow cannula, so the blood flow far away from the pump outlet was steady. There was not backflow, vortex flow or lowspeed flow region in the whole cannula. The blood flow velocity along the cannula wall increased to the maximum 1.0 m/s from 0 m/s rapidly outside the boundary layer. The blood speed range reduced from 0.7 m/s～2.2 m/s to 1.0 m/s～1.5 m/s along the cannula. The turbulence level near the pump outlet is 0.31. The turbulence level far away from the pump outlet is 0.15. The flow in the cannula become smooth and steady gradually. It is difficult to form thrombus in the cannula caused by blood flow property because there was no backflow, vortex flow or stagnant flow region in the cannula. The outflow cannula can decrease the spiral flow, which is helpful to improve the flow characteristics of the blood flowing from the axial blood pump. The improved flow characteristics can decrease the injury of aorta caused by disorder blood flow.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 678-684 [Abstract] ( 252 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (777 KB) ( 452 )

	685	Quantification Study on Driver’s Back Muscle Load
		ZHANG FeiRuo^1,2TAO Xin²WANG Bo²WANG Wen Jun²CHENG Bo^2*
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.07
		To measure and quantify driver’s back muscle activity and load using surface electromyography, 8 college students who have drive licenses and right hand domination were recruited in this study. Driving operation was performed on driving simulator and the participants were required to drive in the middle lane at speed of 80 km/h. During simulating driving, surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals of divers’ bilateral erector spinae muscle (LES and RES) and multifidus muscle (LMM and RMM) were recorded. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of ES and MM were tested, and 30%MVC of ES and MM were measured twice, before and after driving simulation. Raw sEMG signals were processed and calculated with linear analysis methods. The parameter of the percentage of reference voluntary electrical activity (%RVE) was taken as amplitude analysis index, median frequency and mean power frequency (MPF) were taken as spectrum analysis indexes. These parameters were used to quantify sEMG signals of 30% MVC. Amplitude probability distribution frequency (APDF) method was used to quantify sEMG of dynamic muscle contractions during long term driving simulation. Amplitude analysis showed that %RVE values of LES,RES,LMM and RMM were higher than those before driving (P<0.05), Spectrum analysis showed that the median frequency (MF)_30%MVC and mean power frequency (MPF)_30%MVC of the four test muscles were lower than those before driving,the differences in MF_30%MVCof RES and RMM were significant (P<0.05), and the differences in MF_30%MVC and MPF_3%MVCof RMM were significant (p<0.05).APDF analysis showed the muscle load of LES, RES, LMM and RMM were 7.55%±5.64%、5.78%±3.06%、6.13%±3.76% and 5.69%±3.41% respectively. In conclusion, long term driving operation results in back muscle fatigue, left side back muscles suffer more fatigue than right side. Back muscle activity is at low level for sustained muscles load during 2 hour constant driving.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 685-691 [Abstract] ( 288 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (564 KB) ( 731 )

	692	Research of Diagnostic Method for Upper Limb MotorFunction Based on Fusion of Biological Motion Information
		GAO Yun Yuan^* GAO Fa Rong LUO Zhi Zeng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.08
		A comprehensive method, fused with kinematics information and bioelectricity information, for upper limb motorfunction evaluation was proposed. The method was aimed to evaluate the motor functions of the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints of the hemiplegic patients objectively and quantitatively. Acceleration signal and EMG signal were collected and selected, and then feature extraction and feature selection were done during the movement of the upper limb. Utilizing the distinct superiorities of the two signals, characteristic value of the signals was optimally combined. Several linear regression models were constructed to realize comprehensive assessment of the upper limb motorfunction based on Fugl-Meyer assessment. In the function diagnostic experiment of 7 movements of the shoulder, elbow and wrist (namely hand grasps, hand extension, wrist flexion, wrist extension, elbow flexion, elbow extension, front raise) with 10 participants, the evaluation method not only could realize information extraction and function diagnosis in real time, but also had a strong consistency with Fugl-Meyer assessment with a correlation coefficient above 99%. The above experimental results showed that the diagnostic method could quantify the upper limb motorfunction more detailed instead of traditional assessment method.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 692-698 [Abstract] ( 330 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (837 KB) ( 383 )

	699	Study on TEMPO-mediated Oxidation of Bacterial Cellulose
		LIAO Shi Bo¹XI Ting Fei^1,2,4LAI Chen^2LIAO Shi Yu³HUANG Tao⁴WANG Shuai Yan^4
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.09
		Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a kind of biomedical scaffold with nano network, and its biodegradation can be improved through selective catalytic oxidation. The TEMPO-mediated oxidation of BC was investigated when the amount of NaClO, TEMPO and the reaction time changed. The experimental results reveal that, in the range of test conditions, the initial reaction rate is inversely proportional to the amount of NaClO; the pH of system is one of the main factors which influence this stage reaction rate, and the maximum reaction rate appears in pH＝10.50～11.00; while the amount of TEMPO has no obvious effect on it. For the whole reaction process, both the reaction rate and waterinsoluble fractions' carboxylic content are proportional to the amount of NaClO, and they have a good linear relationship when the dosage of 0.6 mol/L NaClO is during 1～8 mL; both of them are also proportional to the amount of TEMPO. The waterinsoluble fractions' carboxylic content gradually decreases at first and then remains stable at 0.70～0.75 mol/kg with increasing oxidation time. In conclusion, the rule of the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of BC has significant differences in different stages, and the main cause could be its unique nanostructure and properties.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 699-707 [Abstract] ( 392 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (804 KB) ( 749 )

	708	Human ECadherinFc Fusion Protein Matrix Improving the Hepatic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
		XU Jian Bin¹ZHANG Yan¹LI Su Hua¹ZHU Chuan Shun^1,2YAO Fang Lian²TOSHIHIRO Akaike^3 &n
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.010
		Hepatocytes differentiating from human mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) hold great potentials for cellbased approaches to liver diseases and drug development. In order to effectively expand and induce hepatic differentiation of hBMSCs, a fusion protein consisting of human E-cadherin extracellular domain and the immunoglobulin G Fc region (hE-cadherin-Fc) was biosynthesized and used as an extracellular matrix biomimicking epithelia cell adhesion junction. The effects of the hE-cadherin-Fc matrix on the hepatic differentiation of hBMSCs were studied in this paper. Compared with TC-PS and gelatin coated surfaces, the hE-cadherin-Fc matrix effectively stimulated the hBMSCs to progress toward the polygonal morphology of hepatocyte, and enhanced the differentiated cells expressing hepatocytespecific genes and livespecific functions. These results show hE-cadherin-Fc is a promising artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) for the hBMSCs differentiation via homophilic interaction of hE-cadherin and synergy between cell adhesion molecular and growth factors.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 708-715 [Abstract] ( 295 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (749 KB) ( 427 )

	716	Research Progress on Human Body Localization in Smart Home System
		YANG Yi Xing¹LIU Yong Jing¹JIAO Xue Jun²WANG Chun Hui²QI HongZhi¹ZHOU Peng¹ZHANG LiXin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.011
		As an important technology in smart home areas, the detection of human body information such as the number and position in the home environment is increasingly concerned in recent years. In this paper, structures, research problems and corresponding solutions of active and passive human localization systems have been introduced systematically. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of five different technologies have been compared in the system performance, localization technology and algorithm implementation. It is the key factor for the smart home system to choose appropriate human body localization and tracking technologies according to the application scope and scenario. In future, the complementary algorithms and integrated technologies will be adopted in order to realize ideal intelligent regulation and control of household environment with high accuracy, multifunction, comfort and safety.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 716-722 [Abstract] ( 295 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (433 KB) ( 1349 )

	723	Progresses in Artificial SmallDiameter Blood Vessel Grafts and their Preparation Methods
		WANG Shuai Yan¹LAI Chen²XI Ting Fei^1，2*
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.012
		Vascular transplantation is one of the main methods in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The development of small caliber artificial blood vessel also becomes the focus in the nearly 10 years. This paper introduces the research progress from the aspects of materials and methods of the preparation of small diameter artificial blood vessels in recent years. First we describe the synthetic materials and natural biological materials, then introduce the research progress dip  leaching method, coagulation method, decellularization organization composition, electrostatic spinning method, rotating exposure method, tissue engineering blood vessel scaffold method and 3D rapid prototyping technology. It presents the characteristics of different materials and preparation methods for uses in small caliber artificial blood vessels and provides certain reference for further developments of ideal artificial blood vessels as well as its prospects.〖KH2D〗〖WTHZ〗Key words：〖WTBZ〗〖BP(〗┣┣（英）关键词┫┫〖BP)〗〖HT〗〖ST〗〖WT〗〖HJ〗〖HK〗 〖FL(K2〗
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 723-730 [Abstract] ( 379 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (410 KB) ( 1219 )

	731	Recent Advances in the UltrasoundMediated Drug Delivery Systems
		BAO Min¹ZHOU Yu Feng²ZHOU Qi Hui¹DONG Wen¹ZHANG Yan Zhong^1*
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.013
		Ultrasound-controlled drug delivery systems have emerged as a new method in the field of targeted drug delivery and gene transfer. Under ultrasound radiation, drug-loaded or gene transfer depots made of ultrasound-sensitive materials, are able to release genes or drugs on-demand, thus improving temporospatial control in drug delivery and gene transfection efficiency. This article reviews the recent advances in ultrasound-controlled drug delivery systems including the mechanism of ultrasoundmediated drug delivery, ultrasound-sensitive drug- and/or gene-loaded carriers, and biomedical applications. Finally, the existing problems and future trends in this niche area are discussed as well.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 731-740 [Abstract] ( 363 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (814 KB) ( 998 )

	741	Progress in Blood Glucose Closed-Loop Control Algorithms for Artificial Pancreas
		YAO Yu Feng LIU Ya Xin^*HUANG Bo ZHONG Ming
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.014
		In order to achieve proper glucose control, diabetes patients are required frequent blood glucose monitoring and insulin injection. Over the past three decades, automated closedloop insulin delivery systems with glucose monitoring function (called artificial pancreas) have been largely investigated world-wide. In the system, algorithms that control insulin delivery in artificial pancreas with timedelay are the most important issue. This review will introduce and analyze the components and control problems of existing artificial pancreas prototypes. Next we will focus on the blood glucose control algorithms that enable outpatient use of closed-loop insulin delivery system. The advantages and disadvantages of various control algorithms will be discussed from the point of adaptability in artificial pancreas. Latest clinical application of these glucose control algorithms in artificial pancreas system are also summarized and commented. Among those methods, model predictive control, PID and fuzzy control are efficient control methods in clinical. The challenges and futher directions, such as rewrite algorithms in chips, meal prediction, and safety problem will be discussed.
		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 741-751 [Abstract] ( 361 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (638 KB) ( 920 )

	752	Validation and Parameter Study of a Finite Element Model of 6-Year-Old Child′s Lower Extremity Long Bone
		LI Hai Yan* LI Bei CUI Shi Hai HE Li Juan LV Wen Le
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.015

		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 752-756 [Abstract] ( 350 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (499 KB) ( 420 )

	757	An Integrated Smart System Design for Impedance and EIT Measurement
		CHEN Xiao Yan^*ZHAO Qiu Hong LI Hong Ying ZHANG Jing
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.016

		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 757-761 [Abstract] ( 281 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (668 KB) ( 642 )

	762	Finite Element Analysis of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Single Cage
		YAN Wen Tao¹ZHAO Gai Ping^1*FANG Xin Guo¹BAI Lei Lei¹WANG Chen Xi¹MA Tong²TU Yi Hui²
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.06.017

		2013 Vol. 32 (6): 762-768 [Abstract] ( 361 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (834 KB) ( 465 )

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