Abstract:Seeding cells is one of key factors in the development of tissue engineering. How to gain and use the seeding cells became a hot issue of the research on the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Stem cells have great abilities of selfrenewing and pluripotent differentiation, which is supposed to be the ideal candidates in engineering of tissue or/and organ. In this paper, we briefly summarized the recent research progress of some widely used stem cells such as embryonic stem cell,mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells,and reviews their prospects and difficulty to be seeded cells in tissue engineering research.
[1]Chung BG, Lee KH, Khademhosseini A, et al. Microfluidic fabrication of microengineered hydrogels and their application in tissue engineering[J]. Lab on a Chip, 2012,12(1): 45-59.
[2]杨照, 周新民, 樊代明, 等. 生物型人工肝的新种子细胞来源-诱导性多潜能干细胞[J]. 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志, 2010, 19(3):193-195.
[3]欧来良, 付晓玲, 程兆康, 等. 干细胞在心肌梗死治疗中的应用[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2006, 25(6):786-791.
[4]Reubinoff BE, Pera MF, Fong CY, et al. Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: somatic differentiation in vitro [J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2000, 18(4):399-404.
[5]张涛, 阮狄克, 王德利, 等. 组织工程髓核种子细胞的研究进展[J]. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2012, 22(2): 175-178.
[6]Ichida JK, Kiskinis E, Eggan K. Shushing down the epigenetic landscape towards stem cell differentiation [J]. Development, 2010, 137(15): 2455-2460.
[7]Evans MJ, Kaufman MH. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos[J]. Nature, 1981, 292(5819):154-156.
[8]Martin GR. Isolation of a pluripotent cell line from early mouse embryos cultured in medium conditioned by teratocarcinoma stem cells[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1981, 78(12):7634-7638.
[9]Nourse MB, Halpin DE, Scatena M, et al. VEGF Induces differentiation of functional endothelium from human embryonic stem cells implications for tissue engineering[J]. Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2010, 30(1):80-89.
[10]Li Zongjin, Suzuki Y, Huang Mei, et al. Comparison of reporter gene and iron particle labeling for tracking fate of human embryonic stem cells and differentiated endothelial cells in living subjects [J]. Stem Cells, 2008, 26(4): 864-873.
[11]Xie Changqing, Zhang Jifeng, Villacorta L, et al. A highly efficient method to differentiate smooth muscle cells from human embryonic stem cells[J]. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2007, 27(12):1311-1312.
[12]岳伟,曹谊林,张文杰. 从分化胚胎干细胞中分选血管构建种子细胞的实验研究[J]. 2011,7(1):1-5.
[13]Bai Hao, Gao Yongxing, Arzigian M, et al. BMP4 regulates vascular progenitor development in human embryonic stem cells through a smaddependent pathway[J]. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2009, 109(2):363-374.
[14]Ferreira LS, Gerecht S, Shieh HF, et al. Vascular Progenitor Cells Isolated From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Give Rise to Endothelial and Smooth MuscleLike Cells and Form Vascular Networks In Vivo[J]. Circulation Research, 2007, 101(3):286-294.
[15]James D, Nam H, Seandel M, et al. Expansion and maintenance of human embryonic stem cellderived endothelial cells by TGF-β inhibition is Id1 dependent[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2010, 28(2):161-166.
[16]Pepe AE, Xiao Qingzhong, Zampetaki A, et al. Crucial role of nrf3 in smooth muscle cell differentiation from stem cells[J]. Circulation Research, 2010, 106(5):870-879.
[17]Blancas AA, Shih AJ, Lauer NE, et al. Endothelial cells from embryonic stem cells in a chemically defined medium[J]. Stem Cells and Development, 2011, 20(12):2153-2161.
[18]Descamps B, Emanueli C. Vascular differentiation from embryonic stem cells: Novel technologies and therapeutic promises [J]. Vascular Pharmacology, 2012,56(3):267-279.[19]Kane NM, Meloni M, Spencer HL, et al. Derivation of endothelial cells from human embryonic stem cells by directed differentiation analysis of microRNA and angiogenesis In vitro and in vivo[J]. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2010, 30(7):1389-1397.
[20]Gold JD, Hassanipour M, Collins LR, et al. Direct differentiation method for making cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells [P].US Patent:7452718,2008-11-18.
[21]Matsuura K, Masuda S, Haraguchi Y, et al. Creation of mouse embryonic stem cellderived cardiac cell sheets [J]. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(30):7355-7362.
[22]Mummery C, Wardvan Oostwaard D, Doevendans P, et al. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to cardiomyocytes [J]. Circulation, 2003, 107(21):2733-2740.[23]Willems E, CabralTeixeira J, Schade D, et al. Small moleculemediated TGF-β type II receptor degradation promotes cardiomyogenesis in embryonic stem cells[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2012, 11(2):242-252.
[24]Ahmad S, Stewart R, Yung Sun, et al. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into corneal epitheliallike cells by in vitro replication of the corneal epithelial stem cell niche[J]. Stem Cells, 2007, 25(5):1145-1155.
[25]Akanuma H, Qin Xianyang, Nagano R, et al. Identification of stagespecific gene expression signatures in response to retinoic acid during the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells[J]. Frontiers in Genetics, 2012, 141(3):1-12.
[26]Bhatia M, Madrenas J, Ferber IA, et al. Hematopoietic cells from human embryonic stem cells[P].European Patent Application :EP2292734,2011-03-09.
[27]Toh WS, Lee EH, Cao Tong. Potential of human embryonic stem cells in cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine[J]. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 2011, 7(3): 544-559.
[28]Rankin S. Mesenchymal stem cells [J]. Thorax, 2012, 67(6):565-566.
[29]李长文, 郑启新, 郭晓东, 等. RGD多肽修饰的改性PLGA 仿生支架材料对骨髓间充质干细胞粘附, 增殖及分化影响的研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2006, 25(2):142-146.
[30]哈伟杰,温剑虎. 重组人表皮生长因子在食管黏膜损伤部位对骨髓间充质干细胞招募及定居影响的研究[J]. 重庆医科大学学报, 2012, 36(12):1423-1426.
[31]Tan Bo, Wei Renqian, Tan Meiyun, et al. Tissue engineered esophagus by mesenchymal stem cell seeding for esophageal repair in a canine model[J].Journal of Research, 2012,9(5):141-149.
[32]Punescu V, Deak E, Herman D, et al. In vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to epithelial lineage[J]. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2007,11(3): 502-508.
[33]Sarosi G, Brown G, Jaiswal K, et al. Bone marrow progenitor cells contribute to esophageal regeneration and metaplasia in a rat model of Barrett's esophagus[J]. Diseases of the Esophagus, 2008, 21(1):43-50.
[34]Zhang Jinqiu,Lian Qizhou,Zhu Guili, et al. A human iPSC model of Hutchinson Gilford Progeria reveals vascular smooth muscle and mesenchymal stem cell defects[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2011,8(1):31-45.
[35]张波,权毅,谢庆云, 等. 大鼠组织工程人工骨的体外动态灌注培养构建[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2011,31(15):2932-2933.
[36]Partridge K,Yang Xuebin,Clarke NMP, et al.Adenoviral BMP2 gene transfer in mesenchymal stem cells: In vitro and in vivo bone formation on biodegradable polymer scaffolds[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002, 292(1):144-152.
[37]Gao Jizong, Dennis JE, Solchaga LA, et al. Repair of osteochondral defect with tissueengineered twophase composite material of injectable calcium phosphate and hyaluronan sponge[J]. Tissue Engineering, 2002, 8(5):827-837.
[38]Kang KN, Kim DY, Yoon SM, et al. Tissue engineered regeneration of completely transected spinal cord using human mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Biomaterials, 2012,33(19):4828-4835.
[39]Sekiya I, Muneta T, Koga H, et al. Articular cartilage regeneration with synovial mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Clinical Calcium, 2011, 21(6):879-890.
[40]Hwang NS, Im SG, Wu PB, et al. Chondrogenic priming adiposemesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue regeneration[J]. Pharmaceutical Research, 2011, 28(6):1395-1405.
[41]李春明, 刘毅, 陈克明, 等. 以 PLGA 为支架的组织工程脂肪的实验研究[J]. 西北国防医学杂志, 2007, 28(1):3-6.
[42]Cui Q, Wang GJ,Balian G. Steroidinduced adipogenesis in a pluripotential cell line from bone marrow[J].The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American), 1997, 79(7):1054-63.
[43]Neubauer M,Hacker M,BauerKreisel P, et al. Adipose tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells and basic fibroblast growth factor in vitro[J].Tissue Engineering, 2005, 11(11-12):1840-1851.
[44]Wang Tingzhong, Xu Zhengyun, Jiang Wenhui, et al. Celltocell contact induces mesenchymal stem cell to differentiate into cardiomyocyte and smooth muscle cell[J]. International Journal of Cardiology, 2006, 109(1):74-81.
[45]Tang Yaoliang, Zhao Qiang, Zhang Yaclare, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation induce VEGF and neovascularization in ischemic myocardium[J]. Regulatory Peptides, 2004, 117(1):3-10.
[46]Quevedo HC, Hatzistergos KE, Oskouei BN, et al. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells restore cardiac function in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy via trilineage differentiating capacity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2009, 106(33): 14022-14027.
[47]Hatzistergos KE, Quevedo H, Oskouei BN, et al. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulate Cardiac Stem Cell Proliferation and DifferentiationNovelty and Significance[J]. Circulation Research, 2010, 107(7): 913-922.
[48]Shafy A, Fink T, Zachar V, et al. Development of cardiac support bioprostheses for ventricular restoration and myocardial regeneration[J]. European Journal of CardioThoracic Surgery, 2012,5(1)1-9.
[49]Ishii M, Shibata R, Numaguchi Y, et al. Enhanced angiogenesis by transplantation of mesenchymal stem cell sheet created by a novel magnetic tissue engineering method[J]. Arteriosclerosis,Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2011, 31(10): 2210-2215.
[50]Silva GV, Litovsky S, Assad JAR, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into an endothelial phenotype, enhance vascular density, and improve heart function in a canine chronic ischemia model[J]. Circulation, 2005, 111(2): 150-156.
[51]MeleroMartin JM, De Obaldia ME, Kang SY, et al. Engineering robust and functional vascular networks In vivo with human adult and cord bloodderived progenitor cells[J]. Circulation Research, 2008, 103(2): 194-202.
[52]Choong P, Mok P, Cheong S, et al. Mesenchal stromal celllike characteristics of corneal keratocytes[J]. Cytotherapy, 2007, 9(3): 252-258.
[53]Chen Chunjung, Ou Yechuan, Liao Sulan, et al. Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells for peripheral nerve repair[J]. Experimental Neurology, 2007, 204(1): 443-453.
[54]Wang Lei, Wang Zhihui, Shen Chongyong, et al. Differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grown in terpolyesters of 3-hydroxyalkanoates scaffolds into nerve cells[J]. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(7): 1691-1698.
[55]Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors[J]. Cell, 2006, 126(4): 663-676.
[56]Margariti A, Winkler B, Karamariti E, et al. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into endothelial cells capable of angiogenesis and reendothelialization in tissueengineered vessels[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012, 109(34): 13793-13798.
[57]Lippmann ES, Azarin SM, Kay JE, et al. Derivation of bloodbrain barrier endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2012,〖STHZ〗30(10):783-791.
[58]Nishimura K, Nakagawa T, Ono K, et al. Transplantation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into the cochlea[J]. Neuroreport, 2009, 20(14): 1250-1254.
[59]Herron TJ, Lee P, Jalife J. Optical imaging of voltage and calcium in cardiac cells & tissues[J]. Circulation Research, 2012, 110(4): 609-623.
[60]Duan Xuejing, Tu Qisheng, Zhang Jin, et al. Application of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in periodontal tissue regeneration[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2011, 226(1): 150-157.
[61]Bilousova G, Jun DH, King KB, et al. Osteoblasts derived from induced pluripotent stem cells form calcified structures in scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo[J]. Stem Cells, 2011, 29(2): 206-216.
[62]Xu Chunhui, Jiang Jianjie, Sottile V, et al. Immortalized fibroblastlike cells derived from human embryonic stem cells support undifferentiated cell growth[J]. Stem Cells, 2004, 22(6): 972-980.
[63]雷钰娜, 竺亚斌, 陈玲, 等. 铁系化合物催化脂肪族环酯聚合反应[J]. 功能高分子学报, 2011, 24(3): 297-302.
[64]竺亚斌, 刘玉新. 热致相分离法制备食道组织工程用支架的研究[J]. 宁波大学学报(理 工版), 2008, 21(2):240-245.
[65] 竺亚斌,李媛媛,刘玉新. 电纺丝复合纤维的制备及其影响因素探讨[J]. 宁波大学学报 (理工版), 2009, 22(3):408-413.