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2013 Vol. 32, No. 1 Published: 2013-02-20 1 Simulation Study on Electrical Impedance Tomography of Collapsed Lung Based on TwIST-TV Regularization Algorithm FAN Wen Ru1*WANG Hua Xiang2    HAO Kui Hong1     MA Min1 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.001 Thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a noninvasive, radiationfree monitoring technique for reconstruction of the crosssectional image of the internal spatial distribution of conductivity from electrical measurements made by injecting small alternating currents via an electrode array placed on the surface of the thorax. To solve the illposed problem of EIT, a twostep iterative shrinkage/threshholding algorithm (TwIST) based on total variation (TV) regularization was proposed in this paper. This algorithm used an iterative method with TV denoising operator, so it can achieve double regularization effect. Three dimensional (3D) EIT models of collapsed lung under different conditions were built up, and this algorithm was adopted to reconstruct differential images of respiratory status. And EIT derived numeric index was also employed for evaluation of lung ventilation. The results showed that the TV-TwIST method can further improve image quality and stability compared with traditional Tikhonov regularization method. And the corresponding evaluation index based on  TV-TwIST algorithm also behaved better than that based on Tikhonov regularization. Therefore, the results verified the feasibility of this algorithm applied to clinical use for ventilation monitoring of patients with collapsedlung. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 396 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1150 KB)  ( 723 ) 7 The Design and Implementation of a Monitor with MultiCommunication Mode Based on ARM PANG Chun Ying*     ZHAO Chun Hua     JIN Yang DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.002 This study is aimed to design a multiparameter monitor with multicommunication modes based on ARM. The control core of the system is an ARM9 processorS3C2440. This monitor can measure ECG, respiration, blood pressure, pulse, body temperature and blood oxygen saturation by designing physiological signal acquisition circuit, humancomputer interface circuit and communication interface circuit. Furthermore, this monitor can support three communication interfaces including WiFi, GPRS and DM9000, therefore it can communicate in different environment and condition. The system software was built by Linux and QT to realize physiological signal analysis, display and remote communication. Thirty subjects participated in the verifying experiments. Physiological parameters of them were measured with the monitor and other domestic monitor. Results showed that the verification accuracy rate of measurement reaches 92.2% to meet the clinical application requirement. Multicommunication  methods can establish LAN and Internet connection conveniently, and provide condition for telemedicine and family care. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 7-13 [Abstract] ( 288 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1421 KB)  ( 551 ) 14 Feature Selection and Sample Classification for SELDITOF Mass Spectrometry Data Based on Affinity Propagation Clustering REN Yu Qiang1     LI Li Ming1*CHAI Xin Yu1    REN Qiu Shi2       YANG He Long1 & DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.003 To analysis high throughput and high resolution mass spectrometry data effectively and capture the cancer related protein feature from the mass spectrometry data, diagnosis called a feature selection based on affinity propagation clustering of mass spectrometry was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the ttest was used on mass spectrometry data, followed by feature selection based on affinity propagation clustering. Next, affinity propagtion clustering and NS-LDA was used for reducing dimensions and correlation. Thirdly, SVM-RFE was used to select the features. Finally, we used four classifiers to estimate the performance of the algorithm. The proposed method was tested and evaluated on the ovarian cancer database OC-WCX2a, OC-WCX2b, and breast cancer database BC-WCX2a. Classification was achieved 96.43 %, 99.66 % and 90.88 %, sensitivity was achieved 97.00 %, 100 % and 96.17 %, specificity was achieved 95.85 %, 99.08 % and 81.92 %, respectively. And 10 m/z features were selected for each dataset. The experimental results showed good performance of the method, and the method is expected to be used in cancer diagnosis. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 14-20 [Abstract] ( 306 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (773 KB)  ( 512 ) 21 Study on the Law of B1 Field Homogeneity and SAR inside  Human Body Varying with  Field Strength at High and UltraHigh Field MR HUANG Qi Hua1 GAO Yong2 XIN Xue Gang1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.004 High and ultrahigh field MRI are receiving more concerns in current clinical applications due to substantial enhancement of the signaltonoise ratio and spatial resolution. The uniformity of B1field directly affects the quality of the image and the RF energy absorbed inside the tissues relates to the safety directly. Therefore, there is a great significance to study on the relationship between magnetic field strength and the B1 field uniformity, specific energy absorption rate (SAR) at high and ultrahigh field MR. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) was utilized to accurately analyze the performance and safety of high and ultrahigh field MR system loaded with the real female pelvis electromagnetic model using the TEM body coil. The B1 field and the SAR inside the pelvic region were calculated and analyzed at 1.5T, 3T and 7T magnetic flux densities respectively. The results indicated that the uniformity of B1 field was reduced by 11.54% and 49.97%, the average SAR of various pelvic tissues was  maximally increased by 4.7 times and 24.14 times, local maximum SAR were maximally increased by 5.5 times and 22 times and RF energy trended to focus on internal tissues, with the increase of the magnetic flux density from 1.5T to 3T and 7T. The SAR of skin, muscle and body fluid at 7T exceeds the safety threshold. Therefore, it is necessary to correspondingly optimize the TEM coil to improve the B1field homogeneity and ensure the qualified SAR at high and ultrahigh field MR, according to the different main magnetic field strength. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 21-27 [Abstract] ( 486 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (777 KB)  ( 735 ) 28 Brain Electrical Source Analysis of EventRelated Potentials in Depressive Disorder LI Yue Zhi1*HU Yong2   WANG Wu Yi3 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.05 Using visual threestimulus oddball paradigm, activities of cortical current sources elicited by target and distractor stimuli were investigated in depressive patients. The 64-channel EEG signals were recorded in healthy subjects and depressed patients during the task. A regional source model with constraints of spatial coordinates from fMRI BOLD clusters was applied to eventrelated potentials (ERPs) data in the target and distractor conditions. The reconstructed source activities were sent to unpaired t-test and permutation test, statistical results indicated source activities in the right insular and right precentral sulcus in the late phase of P300 show significant difference between patients and healthy controls in the target condition, and scalp voltage maps projected by the current flow direction of corresponding regional sources in patients show abnormal negative potential over the right prefrontal scalp area. It was also found that source activity in the left precentral sulcus in the late phase of P300 showed significant difference at a trend level (P=0.087) in the distractor condition. Scalp voltage map showed abnormal nearzero potential over the left prefrontal area. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 28-37 [Abstract] ( 303 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2008 KB)  ( 465 ) 38 A BrainRetraction Correction Framework Applying Extended Finite Element Method and Validation WANG WeiWei1,2      LI Ping1,2ZHANG Chen Xi1,2SONG Zhi Jian1,2* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.006 Brain retraction severely decreases the accuracy and reliability of Image Guided Navigation Systems (IGNS). In this paper, we proposed a linear elastic framework in which extended finite element method (XFEM) was used for the correction of the brain retraction. We performed a quantitative assessment of brain retraction framework by the displacement of implanted metal makers in one brain phantom. The average correction error of our XFEM framework varied between 0.3mm and 0.5mm (mean 0.4mm). And the average correction accuracy varied between 83.1% and 87.5% (mean 85.9%). The results of the experiments indicated this framework had a great potential to correct brain retraction. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 38-45 [Abstract] ( 319 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1056 KB)  ( 417 ) 46 Electronic Clinical Guideline Embedded Heart Failure Treatment REN Yin Zi1FU Xiao1 PAN Qing1LIN Cheng Yu1 GONG Shi Jin2 LI Li2CAI Guo Long2 YAN Jing2* NING Gang Min DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.07 In this paper, a heart failure (HF) treatment model based on electronic clinical guideline was proposed to realize personalized therapy. Integrated with clinical guideline of HF, a multiobjective optimization algorithm was employed to assess diseases severity and then produce individual treatment strategies. HF risk related parameters were screened and cataloged in six subclasses, i.e. cardiac structure, exercise tolerance, fluid overload, cardiac function, neural activity and electronic physiology. Accordingly, medication plans for individuals were determined. By linear weighting methods, a comprehensive index was generated to assess HF status of patients. The model was validated on 75 subjects. And the preliminary results demonstrated that the model was able to assess HF status and give treatment suggestions. In the term of agreement with the prescriptions given by physicians，the average accuracy of single drug suggested by the model was 91%. This work offered a helpful tool for facilitating individual HF treatment. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 46-52 [Abstract] ( 303 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (676 KB)  ( 394 ) 53 Effect of Cryoprotectants and Cooling Rates on Young’s Modulus of Porcine Articular Cartilage SUN Hui Jun     XU Yi*  LV Ya DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.008 To explore the effects of cryoprotectants, concentrations and cooling rates on Young’s modulus of porcine articular cartilage (AC), control-force mode of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used. Cooling rates were set as 1, 10 and 20℃／min. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), glycerine and 1,2-dihydroxypropane were chosen to be CPAs and the effects of their concentrations ［i.e. 10%, 20% , 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%(V/V)］ on Young's modulus of porcine articular cartilage were studied. The results showed that: 1) The Young's modulus was increased with the increase of CPA concentration within the low and medium concentration range ［less than 40%(V/V)］. While within high concentration range ［more than 40%(V/V)］ the Young's modulus was decreased with the increasing of CPA concentration. For example, when the cooling rate was 1℃／min, the Young's modulus of sample treated with different DMSO concentrations were 1.412, 2.031, 2.331, 1.991, 2.227 and 1.868 MPa for 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%(V/V), respectively. 2) Within the low and medium CPA concentration range, slow cooling rate was beneficial to preserve Young's modulus of AC. For example, when the cooling rate was 1℃／min, the Young's modulus of sample treated with 40%(V/V) DMSO was 2.331 MPa, and 2.151 MPa for 10℃／min. 3) At the concentration range of 30%~60%(V/V), DMSO was the best one to protect the Young’s modulus of AC, glycerin was the second best one, and 1, 2-dihydroxypropan exhibited the lowest performance. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 53-60 [Abstract] ( 357 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1746 KB)  ( 548 ) 61 The Effect of a Novel Whole Liver Decellularization Protocol on the Extracellular Matrix and Cell Components Residuals WANG Yang1LIU Zan1YE HaiLin 1FU JunHui1XU QiGang1ZENG QiQiang1WU JianBo2ZHANG QiYu1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.009 There has been a conflict between preservation of extracellular matrix and reduction of donor’s cell components on decellularized scaffold production in tissue engineering. Therefore a protocol for decellularization is the key to solve this problem. We developed a novel decellularization protocol which used TritonX-100 as a major agent for decellularizing assisted by SDS, enzymes, freezethaw processing, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions etc. After morphological and histological observation through immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscope, evaluation of ECM content by ELISA, using absorbance detection and Westernblotting to test cell components residuals, and immunofluorescence after 3D perfusion culture of WBF-344 cells in the scaffold, the results showed that, by using this new protocol, three dimensional structure like collagen, laminin, fibronectin appeared well protected, and the extracellular matrix contents of decellularized scaffold such as GAG, HGF and VEGF was 90% and 40% of normal tissue. Besides a DNA elimination, MCHI and HMGB-1 were only 10% of normal tissue. WBF-344 cells grew well in the scaffold and the albumin level was rising. In conclusion, this study built a novel decellularization protocol and evaluation system, and proposed a promising application of the acellular liver scaffold in stem cell differentiation and liver disease therapy. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 61-69 [Abstract] ( 398 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1683 KB)  ( 529 ) 70 Effect of Microencapsulation on  Expression of  Osmoregulation Genes and Exogenous Regulation in HepG2 Cell XIAO Jing1,2ZHANG Ying1    YU WeiTing1    WANG Wei1       MA XiaoJun 1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.010 The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of microencapsulation on the expression of the osmoregulation genes and exogenous regulation in HepG2 cells. We compared the expression of sodium/myoinositol cotransporter (SMIT) and taurine transporter (TAUT) in HepG2 cells under different cultured conditions through realtime RTPCR. The effects of exogenous antiosmotic stress matter on cell viability and albumin level were also evaluated through MTT assay and ELISA assay. We did not find a significant difference in the expression of SMIT. However, the results showed that the expression level of TAUT in encapsulated cells was approximately 4.3 times higher than that of monolayer cells（P<0.01）. Accordingly, we found that taurine at 1～1.5 mM significantly increased the viability by 15%～30% and the biosynthetic function by 15% in microencapsulated HepG2 cells（P<0.05）. Trehalose, as for it, did not alter the biosynthetic function but increased the viability of the encapsulated cells by 20%～30% at 0.1 mM（P<0.05）. In conclusion, osmotic stress exists in the microcapsules and affects genes expression. Exogenous antiosmotic stress matter can prevent the inhibition effects of hyperosmotic stress on cellular growth. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 70-77 [Abstract] ( 337 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1767 KB)  ( 612 ) 78 Preparation and Evaluation of New Composite Coating Based on Sodium Alginate and Heparin with Aldehyde Groups GAO Wen Qing1,2 LI Tong 1*YU Mei Li3DUAN DaWei 1HU Xiao Min1ZHOU Shu Fen1LI Xin1     LIU Dong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.011 The aim of this work is to prepare a new composite coating based on sodium alginate and heparin with aldehyde groups, and to evaluate the biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of extracorporeal circulation loop. The loop samples were divided into four groups: (1) blank control (C), (2) sodium alginate (OSA), (3) heparin (LMNH), and (4) sodium alginate plus heparin (OSA.LMNH). The OSA and LMNH were bound to the surface of extracorporeal circulation loop by covalent linkage. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polysaccharide fragments were conducted with FTIR and UV spectroscopy, the hemocompatibility of coated loop was evaluated by platelet adhesion, coagulation examination and protein adhesion, the hydrophily of coated loop was evaluated by surface contact angle. Experimental results showed that the surface of extracorporeal circulation loop was coated with OSA and LMNH. The platelet adhesion and thrombosis for the coated group were both decreased significantly compared with the noncoated group (P<0.05). The protein adhesion of LMNH group has no significantly difference with the noncoated group. The protein adhesion of OSA group and OSA.LMNH group significantly decreased compared with LMNH group (P＜0.05). The anticoagulant property of LMNH group and OSA.LMNH group is good with significantly prolonged time of APTT and TT. The APTT time of OSA group is significantly prolonged compared with C group (p＜0.05). The surface contact angles of OSA and OSA.LMNH group is significantly decreased compared with C group(p＜0.05). The surface contact angle of LMNH group has no significantly difference with C group. Composite coating of polysaccharide fragments has improved anticoagulant property in reference to the control, and the hemocompatibility of the composite coating was obviously improved compared with single coating. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 78-85 [Abstract] ( 497 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (903 KB)  ( 598 ) 86 Survey of Visual Control Bionics DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.012 Developing intelligent biomimetic eye is a new hot issue in the domain of robot visual control, which is based on neurophysiological mechanism of biological coordinated headeye movement during gaze shift. In this work, oculomotor characteristics of primates and its utility values were reviewed, and next, the worldwide research status and development direction of biomimetic eye from the view of visual control were summarized.Some new bionic ideas and policies were given as well, such as making use of physiology, bionics, control theory and interdisciplinary study to explore multidegreeoffreedom binocular biomimetic eye model, 3D head-eye coordinated control method, robot visual error compensation algorithms and adaptive patterns switching strategy of robot visual tracking. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 86-92 [Abstract] ( 430 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (340 KB)  ( 1065 ) 93 QT Interval Adaption to RR Interval Changes and Correlation Analysis between Heart Rate Variability and QT Interval Variability DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.013 As a noninvasive and continuous monitoring method,  surface electrocardiogram is significant in evaluating cardiac safety. The time interval series extracted from surface electrocardiogran contain important information. The RR and QT interval series, representing the cardiac cycle and the duration of ventricular repolarization, are with more research value. From the perspective of applied basic research, the methods and progress, concerning the QT interval adaption to RR interval changes and correlation analysis between heart rate variability (HRV) and QT interval variability (QTV), were introduced here. And their potential applications were discussed as well. 〖KH2D〗 〖WTHZ〗Key words：〖WTBZ〗〖BP(〗┣┣（英）关键词┫┫〖BP)〗 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 93-98 [Abstract] ( 429 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (312 KB)  ( 881 ) 99 he Application Progress of Stem Cells in  Construction and Regeneration of Engineering Tissue DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.014 Seeding cells is one of key factors in the development of tissue engineering. How to gain and use the seeding cells became a hot issue of the research on the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Stem cells have great abilities of selfrenewing and pluripotent differentiation, which is supposed to be the ideal candidates in engineering of tissue or/and organ. In this paper, we briefly summarized the recent research progress of some widely used stem cells such as embryonic stem cell，mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells，and reviews their prospects and difficulty to be seeded cells in tissue engineering research. 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 99-104 [Abstract] ( 475 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (362 KB)  ( 785 ) 105 ComputerAided Diagnosis Data Platform by Using Medical Imaging DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.015 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 105-108 [Abstract] ( 387 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (450 KB)  ( 891 ) 109 A Method of Calculating the NeckShaft Angle Based on 3D Multiline Shape of Femur DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.016 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 109-113 [Abstract] ( 328 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (677 KB)  ( 848 ) 114 Research of Virtual Surgery Soft Tissue Deformation Model and Force Feedback Algorithm DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.017 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 114-118 [Abstract] ( 441 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (858 KB)  ( 947 ) 119 Visual Parkinsons Disease Dysphonic Analysis Based on Computational Geometry Classifier DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.018 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 119-123 [Abstract] ( 260 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (389 KB)  ( 472 ) 124 Inverse Dynamics Simulation of the Musculoskeletal Model of Human Legs in Driving Based on AnyBody Modeling System DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2013.01.019 2013 Vol. 32 (1): 124-128 [Abstract] ( 282 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (639 KB)  ( 846 )

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