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2014 Vol. 33, No. 1
Published: 2014-02-20

 
1 The Envelope Analysis of Stroop Effect Marked with SSVEP Background Based on Hermite Filters
GAO Wen Jing    CHEN Xiao Gang     GAO Xiao Rong*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.001
Stroop effect can reflect the brain attention of the conflict and the interference. In order to analyze the brain cognitive activity of Stroop effect deeply, the Stroop experiment paradigm marked with steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) background was designed innovatively, which can get EEG data including both the event related potential (ERP) signals and the SSVEP signals.To realize this, the envelope analysis method based on Hermite filters was proposed.EEG data of ten subjects were recorded, and then the ERP signals and SSVEP signals were gotten respectively. In the time window of 400~600 ms after stimulus, the ERP signal of incongruent condition was more negative than that of congruent condition. The difference between two conditions was significant statistically and mainly distributed in the prefrontal regions, which was the EEG reflection of the Stroop effect. Through the envelope analysis, it was found that the envelope of SSVEP signal declined remarkably after the stimulus. The poststimulus changes of the Alpha frequency band total envelope of the ERP signal were related with its prestimulus level.If its level before stimulus was high, it declined to the lower level after a small increase; if its level before stimulus was low, it remained to the same level after an increase. We got the further cognitive activity study of Stroop effect through the Stroop experiment paradigm marked with SSVEP background and the envelope analysis method, which also provides a reference for other cognitive experiments.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 1-7 [Abstract] ( 315 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1984 KB)  ( 633 )
8 Microaneurysms Detection in Fundus Image Based on Phase Congruency
XIAO Zhi Tao1     LIU Lu1      GENG Lei1*ZHANG Fang1      WU Jun1ZHANG Xi
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.002
The presence of microaneurysms in the retina is the earliest clinical symptom of diabetic retinopathy(DR), thus their reliable detection is essential in the DR screening system. Based on phase congruency, this paper proposes a new microaneurysms detection method. The first step aimed at obtaining microaneurysms candidate regions achieved by using phase congruency. Then the irrelevant information, such as the vessel fragments, was removed by constructing directional crosssection profiles. Through testing on 50 fundus images provided by ROC website, the method achieved a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 96% at the image level, respectively. This method can accurately get microaneurysms in color fundus images, and it is insensitive to image brightness and contrast.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 8-15 [Abstract] ( 363 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1891 KB)  ( 649 )
16 A Method to Measure the Range of Motion of Human Upper Limbs Based on Kinect Somatosensory Interaction Technology
QU Chang1    DING Chen1      WANG JunZe1*GAO Zhan2
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.003
In order to simplify the measurement process of range of motion (ROM) of human upper limbs, to improve measurement efficiency and accuracy, and to realize automatic measurement, a measurement method based on Kinect somatosensory interaction technology was proposed. The data of the upper limb joint positions of the subjects were captured by Kinect sensor and transferred to a computer. Then, the data were used to detect the distance between the motion plan of upper limbs and coronal plane (or sagittal plane, or axial plane) and to regulate the measurement. The ROM results were obtained automatically. The feedback information of ROM was showed on the somatosensory human machine interface in real time. An experiment was performed on 40 persons who were divided into 5 groups. According to the method of ttest, the |t| values of shoulder and elbow ROM measurement were 1.53 of shoulder abduction, 1.17 of shoulder adduction, 1.30 of shoulder flexion, 1.58 of shoulder stretch and 1.47 of elbow flexion respectively. All of them were under 2.776. There were no significant differences in measured data with the expected value, so the measurement accuracy was high.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 16-21 [Abstract] ( 186 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1482 KB)  ( 799 )
22 Stimulation and Experimental Verification on Cutaneous Nervous Mechanism of Electrotactile Feeling
XU Fei    ZHANG DingGuo* XU Heng
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.004
Nowadays, haptics has been widely used in many fields such as telecontrol robots, surgical robots, prosthesis, entertainment interface and virtual reality, which has improved the operability of actual or virtual objects for human. Electrotactile stimulation is a main technique to reproduce tactile sensation by changing the frequency, duration, amplitude, direction and distribution of constantcurrent electrical pulses. In this article, a model of cutaneous nerves under electrical stimulation was developed to serve for simulation study, and stimulation function was deduced based on the model. With the simulation, optimal paradigms for stimulating three mechanoreceptors (Meissner’s corpuscle, Merkel’s disc and Pancinian corpuscle) were separately found in a trialanderror way, i.e. by changing the direction and amplitude of electrical pulses in arrays through simulation study. Furthermore, psychophysical experiments were carried out to make 10 experimenters sense two kinds of feelings (vibration and pressure). The targeting area for electrotactile stimulation was on the index fingers. For vibration feeling, positive electrical pulses of different frequencies(10,30,70,90 Hz)were applied; For pressure feeling, negative electrical pulses of different widths(150、200、250、300 μs)were applied. The subjects gave their subjective judgment on the grade of the feeling generated by electrical stimulation.Statistical results showed that the averaged recognition rate of two sensations under the help of the model  reached higher than 80%. The model is helpful in finding the best stimulation pattern and assuring the realization of optimal reproduction of tactile sensation.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 22-27 [Abstract] ( 396 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1826 KB)  ( 1028 )
28 Applying Visual Perception Information for Detection Analysis and Automatic Extraction of Breast Mass in Mammograms
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.005
Clinical diagnosis according to medical images is a process of radiologists’ visual perception and decisionmaking. The radiologists’ visual perception information is intimately associated with diagnosis. How to effectively use visual perception information to improve the decisionmaking accuracy in computeraided diagnosis is a research subject which is full of scientific significance and clinical value. This paper conducted researches on the analysis and the use of visual perception behavior during diagnosis to explore two issues:one is  how well the single perceptual information during diagnosis can reflect masses position; the other is  how to use the perceptual information for extracting masses. In the paper, the research method includes two steps. Firstly, radiologists’ fixation point sequence, in which every point includes fixation point location in mammogram, duration time and pupil diameters, was recorded by an eyetracker during reading and then clustered to achieve some radiologists’ concerns according to the three visual features. Shooting average was calculated by analyzing the positional relationship between concerns and masses in the same mammogram. Secondly, regarding concerns as seeds, the SBRG (seedsbased region growing) approach and the multiscale mass segmentation approach were applied to buckle breast masses from mammograms. The result of applying the proposed method to 75 mammograms from both DDSM and Zhejiang Cancer Hospital showed that it could achieve shooting average of 58.49% when the limitation of concerns number was 4, and the fullextraction rate for the shot masses was 70.97%. It is revealed that the perceptual information is helpful to reflect masses position as well as to understand the inner mechanism of perceptual feedback.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 28-36 [Abstract] ( 310 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2010 KB)  ( 721 )
37 Aberration Correction Control Model of Adaptive Optics in the Fundus Imaging System
JIA HaoLi1     SHEN JianXin 1* NIU SaiSai2
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.006
In an adaptive optics imaging system of human eye fundus, for the dynamic characteristic of human eye aberration, deformable mirror must be able to track and compensate the human eye aberration in time to achieve clear and high resolution fundus imaging. The technology of adaptive optics aberration correction control was studied, and an adaptive optics continuous system model was established according to the automatic control theory. The control system model and its control properties based on the pure integral, proportion integral, Smith precompensation were analyzed emphatically. The aberration correction experiments with dynamic aberration samples were canried out on a adaptive optics imaging system platform. And 10 human eyes were included in the experiments.Compared to the aberration ((0.862±0.088)λ, λ=0.785μm)  before the correction, the aberration ( (0.154 ± 0.033) λ, (0.133 ± 0.026)λ, (0.103 ± 0.011)λ)  with the pure integral control, PI control and Smith precompensation control were significantly lower (P<0.05). The above results indicated the aberration correction system with various controllers possessed a certain aberration correction capability. The ANOVA results showed that corrected aberrations with Smith precompensation control was significantly lower than the pure integral control and PI control method, which indicated that the aberration corrected with Smith precompensation controller had the maximum significant difference, that is the best effect of aberration correction. The Smith precompensation control model can provide theoretical basis for correcting human eye dynamic aberration to obtain human eye fundus image.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 37-44 [Abstract] ( 284 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2496 KB)  ( 743 )
45 Psychological Stress Evaluation Focus on Individual Difference
LI Xin1,2* ZHANG YunPeng1,2 LI HongHong1,2 CHEN ZeTao1,2 YING LiJuan1,2 Wu ShuiCai 3
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.007
Chronic mental pressure will affect ones health directly by bring a series of pathology and physiology risks. Effective methods of evaluating psychological pressure can detect and assess realtime stress states, warning people to pay a close attention to their health. This paper is focused on the problem of individual difference in the stress evaluation process. An improved support vector machine (SVM) evaluation algorithm in automated valuation of stress/nonstress reaction was proposed based on the measurement of surface myoelectrogram signal. The algorithm clustered the samples and gave the clustering information to the loss function of SVM to achieve training samples’ screening. With the imbalance problem of the two kinds of samples after screening, the weight were given to the loss function to reduce classifier’s prediction tendentiousness, which decreases the error of training sample and makes up for the influence made by the unbalanced samples. The improved algorithm increased the classification accuracy from 70.34% to 79.31%, while algorithm running time was decreased from 2026.5 s to 541.3 s. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively avoid the influence resulting from the individual difference on stress appraisal effect. Meanwhile the algorithm reduces the computational complexity.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 45-50 [Abstract] ( 488 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1815 KB)  ( 891 )
51 Experimental Study on Effective Microwave Ablation Volume Model
ZHAO Jin Zhe1      QIAN Zhi Yu1* LIU Jia2        WU Jia Li1      WANG
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.08
Temperature variation in ablated area and effective ablation volume are very important parameters for microwave ablation treatment. In order to provide reference for realtime assessment of ablation efficacy, in vitro porcine liver experiments were carried out to monitor tissue temperature and build effective microwave ablation volume models in this work. Microwave power of 40~70 W and ablation time of 300~600 s were chosen to perform total 112 microwave ablations. The microwave power of 70 W was used in the first group of experiments and temperature changes at sites 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm away from microwave antenna were recorded in realtime during ablation. In the second group of experiments, different combinations of power and time produced a series of data of short axis, long axis and volume. Results showed that the increase of temperature near the microwave antenna was more rapid. Temperature rise at 5 mm away from the antenna was 10 times faster than that at 20 mm away. Volume data of the ablation area was analyzed using 1stopt to build experimental models for the short axis, long axis and volume of the ablation zone. Consequently, the monitoring of temperature and utilization of effective volume models will contribute to the microwave ablation surgical planning and realtime ablation efficacy assessment.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 51-56 [Abstract] ( 358 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1840 KB)  ( 731 )
57 The Analysis of White Blood Cell Signal Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform
ZHANG Xiao Fei   TAO Ling   DENG Juan    LONG Wei*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.009
White cell signal (WBS) has various shapes of pulse and different timefrequency features, which makes it difficult to extact the physiological and pathological information from WBS using cell signal pulsecounting method and classify the blood cells accurately in clinics. In this work, the HilbertHuang transform (HHT) method which can adaptively decompose nonstationary and nonlinear signal was investigated to explore its application in WBS timefrequency analysis and classification. Using HHT, WBC′s intrinsic mode function (IMF), Hilbert marginal spectrum of IMF and  Hilbert spectrum of WBS were obtained; Average intensity, spectral centric and the energy contribution rate of WBS of healthy people and patients were extracted and analysised through instantaneous frequency and  instantaneous amplitude. According to the distribution of timefrequency features, the feature vector for classification experiments were constructed, and then support vector machine (SVM) was adopted in the classification of  WBS experimental samples of 58 healthy persons and 60 patients. Results showed that the correct ratio of WBS classification was 94.83%. In conclusion, the HHT method is effective in extracting the WBS features and may be expected to assist clinical WBS processing and analysis.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 57-62 [Abstract] ( 363 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2136 KB)  ( 536 )
63 Development and Validation of the FE Model for a 10 Year Old Child Head
CAO Li Bo   ZHOU Zhou   JIANG Bin Hui   ZHANG Guan Jun
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.010
In this study, the software ANSYS ICEM CFD and HYPERMESH was used to develop a finite element (FE) model for 10 year old child head with detailed anatomical characteristics. The MADYMO models of crash dummies were used to simulate the dynamic responses of an injured child in a typical falling accident from three different heights, and the motion parameters of orientation and velocity of the child head at the moment of impact were calculated. These parameters were input into the 10 year old child head finite element model to simulate the head response during the fall impact and analyze the injuryrelated biomechanics parameters. Results showed that the location of maximum vonmises stress and maximum vonmises strain in the skull matched well with the impact site located on the right side of the occipital, but within their limits of tolerance. The intracranial pressure could accurately predict the injury level, while the vonmises stress could approximately recognize the traumatic location. The accident reconstruction results indicate that the constructed model has a good biofidelity and can be used for the further study of the child head injury mechanism.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 63-70 [Abstract] ( 301 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2614 KB)  ( 573 )
71 Research and Implementation for Parametric Design of Tooth Preparation
SONG Ying Long1    DAI Ning1*XU Zhi1   SUN Yu Chun2    LV Pei Jun2   YUAN Fu Song2
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.011
Tooth preparation is a key part in the treatment of dental hard tissue disease. In order to develop a new mode of tooth preparing operation and realize automatic preparation, in this paper, we studied the computer aided method of complexshaped and multipleconstrained preparation generation and parametric modification. First, for the characterization of triangular mesh, we proposed parametric operations of preparation generation by analyzing the relationship of dimension chains. By the operations, an wholeceramic preparation model within the standard was generated. Meanwhile, a historybased approach was used to realize the preparation’s dynamic modification. Twenty instances of molar and premolae showed that our method worked well in preparation’s generation and parametric modification. The model was conformed with maximum design deviation of 48 μm by the thirdparty software Geomagic Studio, reaching the clinical adhesion requirement of less than 100 μm.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 71-78 [Abstract] ( 389 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2870 KB)  ( 488 )
79 Preparation and in vitro Characteristics of Collagen/ Fibrin/BSA Microspheres Complex Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
CHEN Hong Li1   LV Jie Li2    NAN Wen Bin1    LIU Rui1     ZHANG Hui2GUO Wei Yu
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.012
In order to overcome the problem of nutrition insufficiency and inhomogeneous distribution in tissue engineering scaffolds, a scaffold (SCFM) composed of collagen/fibrin/BSA microspheres was prepared and the features were characterized, especially the release behaviors of BSA. Porous collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering were fabricated by freezedrying and crosslinking. BSA loaded microspheres mixed with fibrin into collagen scaffolds for SCFM. The physiochemical properties of the scaffolds, such as surface morphology, porosity, pore sizes,mechanical function, and BSA contents in the scaffold were measured. SEM results showed that collagen scaffolds exhibited a highly porous and interconnected structure, the pore size of the material was (130±45) μm. Results of in vitro release tests revealed the BSA released from SCFM was 72.36%±3.48% of the original amount of BSA encapsulated after 144 h. The cumulative release of BSA from collagen/fibrin/BSA scaffolds (SCFB) within 48 h was 75.20%±2.74 %. There were no significant changes in the further prolonged period after 48 h. The SCFM achieved a relatively constant release and prolonged BSA release properties as compared to the SCFB. It was found that BSA concentration inside of SCFMwas higher than the external release medium before 96 h. The conformations of the BSA from the SCFM did not have significant changes. The SCFMobtained sustaining release ability and can maintain a homogeneous concentration of the BSA inside the scaffold for a long time. Therefore it provides a kind of promising scaffolds for tissue engineering.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 79-85 [Abstract] ( 475 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2169 KB)  ( 535 )
86 Research Progress on the Specificity of Resting EEG in Depression
WANG Chun Fang    ZHANG Li Xin     ZHANG Xi     ZHAO Xin    QI Hong ZhiZHOU Peng     WAN Bai Kun  &
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.013
Resting EEG reflects spontaneous and rhythmic electrical activity of the cortical neurons and contains rich physiological and pathological information, which is an important tool for the clinical diagnosis of brain disorders and mental illness. This article reviewed the research progress and development of the resting EEG of depression in three aspects: the frequency domain analysis, the nonlinear dynamic analysis and other  methods  such as causality, synchronization and independent component analysis. Influenced by gender, age and the restriction of the method itself, the  conclusions  achieved by frequency domain analysis were different in some aspects. In contrast, nonlinear dynamic and other analysis methods got relatively reliable results. Moreover, some parameters changed with clinical depressive symptoms were expected to be the marker of depression diagnosis and treatment effect evaluation of antidepressant drugs, which was worthy of further study.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 86-92 [Abstract] ( 461 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1295 KB)  ( 742 )
93 Research Status of the Measurement for Young’s Modulus of Myocardial Cells Using Atomic Force Microscopy
ZHU Ye   ZHANG Yu Hui    CHEN Ming*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.014
Since the first atomic force microscopy (AFM) came into the world, it has been used in various fields, especially in cellular studies because of its own advantages. This article reviews not only AFM application in in measuring the Young’s modulus that is a parameter reflecting cells stiffness, but also the research progress of Young’s modulus in heart diseases. More researches reported the Young’s modulus increases along with the age and is related to heart diseases. It is helpful for understanding mechanical and pathologic changes in heart diseases, especially in heart failure and myocardial infarction in myocardial cells by determination of Young’s modulus.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 93-97 [Abstract] ( 573 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1487 KB)  ( 1071 )
98 Progress of the Constitution of Tissue Engineered Smooth Muscle
GONG Chang Feng   HOU Lei   YU Xue Chan   LV Jing Jing   ZHU Ya Bin*
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.015
Smooth muscle tissue is an important component in many organs of human as well as animals, such as alimentary canal, respiratory organs, blood vessel and genitals. It contracts and relaxes under stimuli to assist the functions of these organs. Although some progresses in materials and scaffold fabrications have been achieved in the tissue engineered smooth muscle, many challenges exist in the field. There is still a long distance from experimental attempts to clinical applications. This article reviewed the progress and prospect of materials, scaffold fabrication techniques, cell cultivation, interactions between cells and scaffolds, in vivo evaluation and clinical attempts. The differentiation of stem cells to muscle cells was also discussed, as it presents the promising prospect in smooth muscle tissue engineering.
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 98-106 [Abstract] ( 268 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2115 KB)  ( 397 )
107 Study of Medical Ultrathin Endoscope System
XU Zhong1     LIU Hong Ying1* PI Xi Tian1,2 YU Qiao1    LIAN Yang1     ZHAO Ya Xiong
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.016
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 107-111 [Abstract] ( 277 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1821 KB)  ( 1214 )
112 An Algorithm of 5 Axis ToolPath for HighSpeed Milling Ceramic Dental Prosthesis with Constant Cutting Stress
SUN Quan Ping*WU Hai Bing   CHEN Qian Liang
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.017
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 112-116 [Abstract] ( 240 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2155 KB)  ( 357 )
117 Biomechanics Analysis for 3D Helical Mechanical Emboli Removal Device
QI Yong Xiang1,2 GU Xue Lian1* LI Zhong Hua2    SONG Cheng Li1
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.018
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 117-122 [Abstract] ( 350 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2477 KB)  ( 474 )
123 Self Tuning Fuzzy PID Control of Minimally Invasive Vascular Interventional 
ZHAO Xi Mei1,2*YOU Jian Kang1   LIU Hao2   LI HongYi2
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2014.01.019
2014 Vol. 33 (1): 123-127 [Abstract] ( 299 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1944 KB)  ( 753 )
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