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| Progress of the Constitution of Tissue Engineered Smooth Muscle |
| The Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China |
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Abstract Smooth muscle tissue is an important component in many organs of human as well as animals, such as alimentary canal, respiratory organs, blood vessel and genitals. It contracts and relaxes under stimuli to assist the functions of these organs. Although some progresses in materials and scaffold fabrications have been achieved in the tissue engineered smooth muscle, many challenges exist in the field. There is still a long distance from experimental attempts to clinical applications. This article reviewed the progress and prospect of materials, scaffold fabrication techniques, cell cultivation, interactions between cells and scaffolds, in vivo evaluation and clinical attempts. The differentiation of stem cells to muscle cells was also discussed, as it presents the promising prospect in smooth muscle tissue engineering.
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