Improving Brain Function States by Special Game Training
Li Xin1,2*, Sun Xiaoqi1,2, Cai Erjuan1,2, Fan Mengdi1,2, Hou Yongjie3
1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China 2Measurement Technology and Instrumentation Key Lab of Hebei Province,Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China 3HRA Medical Systems Co.,Ltd, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei, China
摘要针对专项严肃游戏训练改善脑功能状态、提高注意力展开研究。基于脑电信号样本熵特征,分析训练后脑功能状态的变化,以及长期使用单一训练的刺激耐受性问题。试验采集10名受试者,持续20 d的专项严肃游戏训练前、后的脑电数据,并采用国际公认D-CAT和SRT注意力测试方法评估脑功能状态的变化。提出以alpha波样本熵与beta波样本熵的比值作为特征参数,分析游戏训练改善脑功能。进一步,基于theta/SMR熵值,讨论长期单一严肃游戏训练的刺激耐受性问题。经过20 d专项严肃游戏训练后与训练前相比,脑电信号的alpha波样本熵值呈上升趋势,beta波样本熵值显著降低(0.62±0.05 vs 0.54±0.04,P<0.05),alpha/beta的样本熵比值显著提高(0.44±0.02 vs 0.83±0.20,P<0.05),说明严肃游戏训练可以改善脑功能状态。国际公认的注意力行为测试评估结果支持了相同的结论,即专项严肃游戏训练后,训练者的测试命中值显著提高(35.60±6.21 vs 37.81±6.42,P<0.05),所需反应时间(ms)显著降低(292±25 vs 281±20,P<0.05)。长期单一游戏训练后theta/SMR熵值提高,表明长期采用同一款注意力训练方法,会使被训练者产生耐受性,使大脑对训练的敏感程度降低,适当调整训练方案,将有助于提高训练效率。这一结果,将为脑功能辅助康复治疗方案选择提供支持与帮助。
Abstract：Focusing on the issue of improving the state of brain and supporting memory retention by serious game training, this study investigated the human state of brain function before and after experiments and their adaptation to a single game with long duration. EEG signals were collected with 10 individuals before and after playing a special game lasting 20 days, and the changes of brain function were assessed using memory test. The sample entropy of alpha wave, beta wave and their ratio alpha/beta were used to analyze the changes before and after game training. Furthermore the adaptability under a single game was discussed with the feature of theta/SMR. Compared with that before game training, the sample entropy of alpha wave showen the trend of increase, the sample entropy of beta wave decreased significantly(0.62±0.05 vs 0.54±0.04,P<0.05), and the alpha/beta increased significantly(0.44±0.02 vs 0.83±0.20,P<0.05). The memory test verified the results from the sample entropy. After game training, D-CAT raised significantly(35.60±6.21 vs 37.81±6.42,P<0.05), and SRT(ms)had a significant reduction(292±25 vs 281±20,P<0.05). Theta/SMR appeared a upward trend and the sensitivity a downward one. Serious game training can boost brain function states as an assistant method.
李昕, 孙小棋, 蔡二娟, 范梦頔, 侯永捷. 严肃游戏训练对脑功能状态改善作用研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2017, 36(6): 685-691.
Li Xin, Sun Xiaoqi, Cai Erjuan, Fan Mengdi, Hou Yongjie. Improving Brain Function States by Special Game Training. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 36(6): 685-691.
[1] 陈长春, 王建辉, 马素慧, 等. 高血压患者记忆功能障碍患者病及影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2013, 29(4): 554-556. [2] Putman P, Peer JV, Maimari I, et al. EEG theta/beta ratio in relation to fear-modulated response-inhibition, attentional control, and affective traits[J]. Biological Psychology, 2010, 83(2): 73-78. [3] Lim J, Chun SY, Seo B. Interpretation and Modeling of Change Patterns of Concentration Based on EEG Signals[C]// Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Dordrecht: Springer, 2013: 1073-1079. [4] 牛洁. 注意力相关脑电的特征提取及分类方法研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2013. [5] Derbali L, Frasson C. Physiological evaluation of attention getting strategies during serious game play[C]// Artificial Intelligence in Education, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Berlin: Springer, 2011: 447-449. [6] Kovacevic N, Ritter P, Tays W, et al. ‘My virtual dream’: Collective neurofeedback in an immersive art environment[J]. PLoS ONE, 2015, 10(7): 1-18. [7] Ga YH, Choi TJ, Yoon GL. Analysis of game immersion using EEG signal for computer smart interface[J]. Journal of Sensor Science and Technology, 2015, 24(6): 392-397. [8] Bang YJ, Noh GY. The effects of sound presence on user experience and brain activity pattern in digital game[J]. Korean Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies, 2015, 59(3): 157-182. [9] 燕楠, 王钰, 魏娜, 等. 基于样本熵的注意力相关脑电特征信息提取与分类[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2007, 41(10): 1237-1241. [10] Li Wen, Ming Dong, Xu Rui, et al. Research on Visual attention classification based on EEG entropy parameters[C]// IFMBE Proceedings of World Congress on Medial Physics and Biomedical Engineering. Berlin: Springer, 2012: 1553-1556. [11] 周静. 睡眠脑电非线性动力学特性及SAS检测研究[D]. 广州: 华南理工大学, 2015. [12] 孔繁伟. 基于小波变换的脑电信号处理研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2005. [13] Shouse MN, Lubar JF. Operant conditioning of EEG rhythms and ritalin in the treatment of hyperkinesis[J]. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1979, 4(4): 299-312. [14] Richman JS, Moorman JR. Physiologica time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy [J]. Am J Physio: Heart Circ Physio, 2000, 278(6): 2039-2049. [15] Kang Junsu, Ojha A, Lee M. Concentration monitoring with high accuracybut low cost EEG device[C]// Neural Information Processing, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Cham: Springer, 2015: 54-60. [16] Hatta T, Ito Y, Yoshizaki K. D-CAT manual(Screening test for attention)[M]. Osaka: Union Press, 2000. [17] Sano M, Rosen W, Stern Y, et al. Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer’s disease[J]. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 1995, 1: 56-61. [18] Hakoda Y, Watanabe M. Manual for New Stroop test II[M]. Fukuoka: Toyo Physical, 2004. [19] Krupski A, Boyle PR. An observational analysis of children’s behavior during a simple-reaction-time task: The role of attention[J]. Child Development, 1978, 49(2): 340-347. [20] Carlson JS, Jensen CM, Widaman KF. Reaction time, intelligence, and attention[J]. Intelligence, 1983, 7(4): 329-344. [21] Saltzman IJ, Garner WR. Reaction time as a measure of span of attention [J]. The Journal of Psychology, 1948, 25: 227-241. [22] 刘闪. 电子游戏对大学生学习注意集中性的影响研究[D]. 南京:南京师范大学, 2015. [23] Frost J, Eden A. The Effect of social sharing games and game performance on motivation to play brain games [J]. Games for Health, 2014, 2014: 48-55. [24] Liu Yisi, Hou Xiyuan, Olga Sourina, et al. Individual theta/beta based algorithm for neurofeedback games to improve cognitive abilities[J]. Transactions on Computational Science XXVI, 2016, 9550: 57-73. [25] Caglio M, Corazzini LL, D’Agata F, et al. Video game play changes spatial and verbal memory: rehabilitation of a single case with traumatic brain injury[J]. Cogn Process, 2009, 10: 195-197. [26] Friedrich EVC, Suttie N, Sivanathan A, et al. Brain-computer interface game applications for combined neurofeedback and biofeedback treatment for children on the autism spectrum[J]. Frontiers in Neuroengineering, 2014, 7(21): 1-6. [27] Crowder SA, Merritte K. The possible therapeutic benefits of utilizing motion gaming systems on pediatric patients presenting autism[J]. Tenn Med, 2013, 106(8): 41-43. [28] Da-Silva CM, Bermudez IBS, Duarte E, et al. Virtual reality based rehabilitation speeds up functional recovery of the upper extremities after stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study in the acute phase of stroke using the rehabilitation gaming system [J]. Restor Neurol Neurosci, 2011, 29(5): 287-298. [29] Gil-Gomez JA, Llorens R, Alcaniz M, et al. Effectiveness of a Wii balance board-based system (eBaViR) for balance rehabilitation: a pilot randomized clinical trial in patients with acquired brain injury [J]. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 2011, 8(30): 1-9. [30] Laver KE, George S, Thomas S, et al. Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2011, 9: CD008349. [31] Ustinova KI, Leonard WA, Cassavaugh ND, et al. Development of a 3D immersive videogame to improve arm-postural coordination in patients with TBI[J]. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 2011, 8(61): 1-11. [32] Li Wen, Ming Dong, Xu Rui, et al. Research on visual attention classification based on EEG entropy parameters[C]// World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Beijing: Springer, 2012: 1553-1556. [33] Nouchi R, Yasuyuki T, Takeuchi H, et al. Brain training game boosts executive functions, working memory and processing speed in the young adults: A randomized controlled trial [J]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 8(2): e55518.
