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2016 Vol. 35, No. 5 Published: 2016-10-20

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	513	Lung CT Image Segmentation Based on Border Approximation
		Huang Zhiding Sun Hong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.001
		Segmentation of the lungs in chest-computed tomography (CT) image performs as an important preprocessing step in Computer-aided detection (CAD). The result brings a great effect for the further analysis and diagnosis. As the intensity of pleural nodule is close to the peripheral lung parenchyma, these lesions are not able to be segmented correctly using traditional method. The aim of this paper is to segment the lung including juxtapleural nodules in order to provide this focus for CAD system for the further analysis. This paper proposed a method that combined the Graham algorithm with border matching approximation to correct the contour of lung, and obtained the mask and multiply it by original image to segment lung image with juxtapleural nodules. Processing the 68 sample CT images including nodules from LIDC (Lung Image Database Consortium) through adopting new method proposed in this paper, and comparing this method with a traditional one, and analyzing the accuracy of this method and the rate of oversegmentation and undersegmentation, the accuracy of 98.5% , the oversegmentation rate of 1.35% and the undersegmentation of 0.51% were determined, which proved the effectiveness of this method.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 513-518 [Abstract] ( 279 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (5646 KB) ( 479 )

	519	A Universal Vessel Segmentation Method Based on Multi-Scale Filtering and Statistical Mixture Model
		Lu Pei Wang Lei Li Zhicheng Zhou Shoujun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.002
		Accurate extraction and localization of blood vesselsare the keys to the intervention operation of cardiac and cerebral vessels. Multi-scale filtering strengthens the vessels while weaken the background voxels, but the vessels are still not marked out. Statistical based segmentation method classifies the vessels through model fitting for the histogram curve, but it needs to adjust its model to fit a certain image histogram. To overcome these problems, a universal vessel segmentation method with a fixed model has been proposed in this paper. Firstly, the original image was preprocessed with multi-scale vessel enhancement algorithm. Secondly, a mixture model formed by three probabilistic distributions (one normal distribution and two exponentials) was built to fit the enhanced data. Expectation maximization algorithm has been used for parameters estimation. Finally, the vessels were segmented by maximum a posteriori classification. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments have been done on a series of phantoms, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) data and computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. As a result, the segmentation errors of the phantoms are less than 0.3%. Meanwhile, the proposed method performed well on multi-modality images with strong robustness.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 519-525 [Abstract] ( 226 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3711 KB) ( 404 )

	526	Research on User-Independent Gesture Recognition Based on Bilinear Models for sEMG Signals
		Cheng Juan Chen Xun Peng Hu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.003
		Due to the fact that surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of the same gesture vary from different individuals (user-related) and various gestures produce different sEMG signals (motion-related), the sEMG signals can be treated as the interaction of the two factors. This study utilized bilinear models to extract user-independent features. We first factorized original training features into two factors, and the determination of the factor dimensions can help the reconstructed features have the maximum similarity. When original testing features from a novel user were available, they were used to adapt the two factors with the aid of the aforementioned model parameters and the reconstructed testing features by using the adapted factors were finally sent to the trained classifier for recognition. Eleven subjects were recruited with each performing 4 types of gestures. Three classifiers (linear discriminant classifier, K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine) were employed for the classification of the three tasks, termed as user-dependent cross-time (UDC), original-user-independent (OUI) and bilinear-models-user-independent (BMUI). Experimental results showed that the averaged classification accuracy of BMUI was at least 85% whereas that of OUI was not higher than 75%. The one-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated the significant improvement of BMUI (P<0.001). Besides, although the averaged accuracy of UDC was above 90%, higher than that of BMUI, they were statistically insignificant (P>0.24). The proposed method provided a practical solution to the interaction implementation of myoelectric control system based on gesture recognition techniques, and the training samples could be significantly reduced since each subject will conduct only once experiment for training.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 526-532 [Abstract] ( 288 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2474 KB) ( 515 )

	533	Association between DCE-MRI Features and Molecular Subtypes in Breast Cancer
		Wang Shijian Fan Ming Zhang Juan Shao Guoliang Wang Xiaojia Li Lihua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.004
		In this work, we investigated the correlation between DCE-MRI features and molecular subtypes in breast cancer. Sixty cases of malignant breast cancer patients with DCE-MRI examination before chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. The molecular subtype was confirmed according to the immunohistochemistry results. Firstly, 65-dimensional imaging features including statistical characteristics, morphology, textural and dynamic enhancement were extracted from DCE-MRI with computer semi-automatic methods. Then, the correlations of imaging features and molecular subtype were assessed using statistical analyses, including univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. At the same time, a multiple regression model was established based on above results. Finally, the distribution of significant image features was analyzed. The results of experiments showed that statistical characteristics of lesions were significantly correlated with luminal A, dynamic enhancement of lesions and background were significantly related to luminal B, HER2 and basal like subtype, in which P values were all lower than 0.05 using univariate logistic regression-adjusted method. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis showed that imaging features were significantly associated with molecular subtypes with P value equaled to 0.004 73 for luminal A, 0.002 77 for HER2 and 0.011 7 for basal like. The results suggested DCE-MR imaging features as important candidate marker to divide breast cancer into molecular subtypes.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 533-540 [Abstract] ( 341 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (846 KB) ( 613 )

	541	Kinematic Analysis of Traumatology Manipulation for Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
		Wang Wei Wang Dongmei Li Feiyue Xue Bin
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.005
		To explore kinematic mechanism of Chinese traumatology manipulation for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH), two classic motions of Wei′s manipulation, “foot hanging and knee bending”(FHKB) and “waist pulling-over”(WPO), were selected as study subjects. Based on 3D motion capture system, kinematic data of 5 trials of 10 healthy men while receiving manipulation was collected. A local coordinate system was defined and 3D kinematic models were established using Visual3D. The means of the 3D angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were calculated and were decomposed to represent flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation of the joints. Statistical analysis was conducted and the bilateral difference was compared. At the right hip joint, the range of motion (ROM) of the flexion was 137.33°, the abduction reached 30.86°. This was consistent with the maximum passive ROM of hip joint which was related with the position of knee joint, suggesting the kinematic mechanism of manipulation was promoting the passive joint angle to the maximum extent. Differences of some joint motion were observed between the right and left side according to idiomatic side (P<0.05). The research was expected valuable in establishing new analysis method and quantitative evaluation of Chinese manipulation.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 541-554 [Abstract] ( 247 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (5474 KB) ( 414 )

	555	Safety Assessment of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells\\|Cuttlebone Composite Scaffold
		Peng Ya Qin Yu Gu Chunsong Yi Hongcheng
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.007
		This study is aimed to conduct fabrication and safety evaluation for the rabbit BMSCs-Cuttlebone composite scaffold. BMSCs were separated by density gradient centrifugation and adherence screening method. The BMSCs-Cuttlebone scaffold was cultivated by precipitation method. The composite scaffold was examined by SEM observation and cell viability assay (MTT test). The biological safety of the composite scaffold was evaluated through muscle implantation test. A total of 40 New Zealand rabbit were randomly divided into two groups, and then BMSCs-cuttlebone scaffold (experimental group) or cuttlebone (control group) were implanted. BMSCs of CD29 positive were obtained by the method of density gradient centrifugation effectively. Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the porosity of cuttlefish bone scaffold was 81.730%±6.770%. The cells adhered on the cuttlebone bracket creeping growth and secreted extracellular matrix. Results obtained from MTT assay showed that the number of viable cells on scaffold increased over time. On the day 1, 3, 5, 7 of cultivation, the cells kept proliferating; while on the day 7 and 8, the proliferation decreased and almost stopped on the day 8. Muscle implantation test showed no significant difference existed between the composite scaffold (experimental group) and cuttlebone group (control group) in the blood routine and blood biochemical tests. In the pathological observation, on the day 7, tissue inflammation grade III-IV for both experimental group and control group; on theday 14, the tissue inflammation grade was II-III for the two groups; on the day28, the tissue inflammation was I-II for the two groups; on the day 56, the tissue inflammation was 0-I grade for the two groups; all of which were within the limit of standard. The rabbit BMSCs could be co-cultured with cuttlebone to build complex biological scaffold. The cells embedded in the scaffold kept proliferation for 7 days. The composite scaffold exhibited good biocompatibility in the muscle implantation test.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 555-561 [Abstract] ( 261 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (7674 KB) ( 139 )

	562	Study on Biological Safety of Functionalized Nano-Hydroxyapatite
		Zhao Yanzhong Yang Min Wang Guohui Tan Juan Zhu Shaihong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.008
		To investigate the feasibility of nano-hydroxyapatite with arginine-functionalized and Tb³⁺doped HAP/Arg as a gene drug carrier, and to study the biological safety of HAP/Arg. Normal human vascular endothelial cells (HAEC) and human tumor cells (Hela) were selected as cell models in vitro, under the exposure of 0, 25, 50 to 200 μg/mL of HAP/Arg nanoparticles, the cell survival rate was measured by the enzyme labeled immunoassay instrument, and the structural integrity of the cell membrane of which was examined by LDH method. Healthy mice were divided into low dose group (10 μg/mL/20 g weight), middle dose group (100 μg/mL/20 g weight), high dose group (500 μg/mL/20 g weight ) and control group, to count number of deaths, to detect serum biochemical indexes and to observe pathologic features of main organs by inverted fluorescence microscope. According to the results of acute toxicity experiment, healthy mice were divided into low dose group (0.09 mg/(kg·d)), middle dose group (4.5 mg/(kg·d)), high dose group (225 mg/(kg·d) ) and control group, according to the preclinical safety evaluation standard to judge its reproductive toxicity. The results showed that HAP/Arg with concentration of 0, 25, 50 and 200 μg/mL did not affect normal growth and cell membrane structure under 4, 24, 48 and 72 h of HAEC cells and Hela cells. In experiments on animal acute toxicity and general reproductive toxicity, there were no obvious toxic reaction and death in the mice of each dose group and control group, the inflammation and injury were not found in the main organs. Statistical analysis shows that each dosage groups of HAP/Arg has no significant difference compared with control group (P>0.05). Above results are expected to be useful for developing a novel efficient, safe and convenient gene delivery system for the next research step.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 562-569 [Abstract] ( 250 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (10464 KB) ( 113 )

	570	An Experimental Study on Optimal Ratio of Chondrogenesis in Pellet Co-Culture of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Chondrocytes Differentiation in Rabbits
		Zhao Mingcan Yang Wu Liu Chang
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.009
		The aim of this work was to figure out the optimal ratio of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to articular chondrocyte (AC) (ADSCs/AC)in the chondrogenesis effect through indirectly co-culture pellets of ADSCs and AC. Isolate and cultivate ADSC and chondrocytes to form pellets that were placed into upper and lower layers of tranwell system. Experiments included positive control group, negative control group, growth factor control groupand ADSC and chondrocytes pellets in different ratios (0.5∶1; 1∶1; 1∶2; 1∶3; 1∶5; 1∶7) groups. After 28 days of culture,histological morphology, protein level of GAG, COL-II and COL-X were examined. Results: Toluidine blue staining and collagen typeII displayed 0.5∶1 and 1∶1 groups showed weak positive staining. The collagen X in the growth factor group showed the most strong positive staining; DMMB showed that the total GAG content in co-culture groups increased when compared with that of the control group (P<0.05),while decreased whenthe ratio of ADSC/AC reached 1∶5. Results obtained from OHP measurements howed the variation tendency of total collagen was similar to the change tendency of GAG. Conclusions: The optimal ratio that made adipose derived stem cells expressed the maximum cartilage specific extracellular matrix was 1∶5. The co-culture inhibited the hypertrophic problem when compared with growth factor induction.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 570-576 [Abstract] ( 217 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (10092 KB) ( 135 )

Reviews

	577	Current Research on Local Field Potential Rhythms of Deep Brain Stimulation Indications
		Chen Yue Qian Xing Hao Hongwei Li Luming
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.010
		As a technology of neuromodulation, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has become an established clinical treatment for brain disorders and opened a window of brain for neuroscience researchers. In this article, current treatment status and pathology hypothesis of 4 FDA-approved brain disorders are briefly introduced, including the Parkinson disease (PD), dystonia, essential tremor and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The LFP theta, alpha, beta, gamma and other high frequency rhythms of the above diseases are summarized as well. Relevance between the LFP rhythms and clinical symptoms or behaviors is analyzed. The latest implantable LFP research tool and the real-time collection results are introduced. In conclusion, the LFP rhythms of DBS targets or related areas could reflect characteristics of different brain disorders. These electrophysiological rhythms will make the foundation for the pathological study, DBS mechanism exploration and theoretical development of neuromodulation. At last, based on the limits of the current researches, this article proposes some prospect of LFP rhythm study, which would be of great significance to the field of neuromodulation.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 577-586 [Abstract] ( 343 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4424 KB) ( 694 )

	587	The Recent Advances and Prospects on the Numerical Simulation of Flow Field within Left Ventricular Based on CFD Techniques
		Adu Jianhua Yin Lixue Xie Shenghua
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.011
		With the rapid development of computer technology, computational fluid dynamics has been widely used in the numerical simulation of flow field in heart and some valuable relevant outcomes has been obtained. CFD is playing an increasingly important role in the study of cardiac function. Currently, it has become an important research in basic and clinical cardiovascular research areas in which CFD is used to simulate and analyze fluid dynamics and flow field in heart, which is important for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we describe the development of numerical simulation of flow field within left ventricular based on CFD, the research status and classification method. We summarize the main issues of numerical simulation of flow field within left ventricular based on CFD and put forward the future direction of this research field.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 587-597 [Abstract] ( 274 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (23151 KB) ( 380 )

	598	The Development of Non-Invasive Glucose Monitor
		Huang Xu Li Yong Chen Siping
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.012
		Diabetes is becoming one of the highest incidence diseases of China. The traditional glucose self-monitor need to take drops of blood from the fingers of the patient. This method is painful and also has the possibility of infection. Thus, in this review, we introduced the principles and development of non-invasive glucose monitor, and formed a research frame of non-invasive glucose monitor.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 598-604 [Abstract] ( 275 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (795 KB) ( 825 )

	605	Research Progress on Compliance Property of Endovascular Stent Graft
		Guan Ying Guan Guoping Lin Jing Wang Lu
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.013
		Compliance mismatch between small diameter vascular graft and host artery is the main factor caused low long-term patency rate. There are literatures proving that compliance mismatch between endovascular stent graft and host artery is the main reason caused the long-term complications, such as SG displacement, endoleaks and blood turbulence. However there is only limited number of studies in this area at present. This article reviewed the methods of evaluating compliance of SG, including calculating via pressure range and corresponding SG volume change or reflecting indirectly by pulse wave velocity and aneurysm pressure. Researches on SG compliance mainly include verifying effects of SG implantation on host artery, effects of different SG structures on host artery, and how compliance changing over time. Achieving compliant SG by optimizing SG structure is reviewed briefly.
		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 605-611 [Abstract] ( 253 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2949 KB) ( 350 )

Communications

	612	Functional Brain Network Study on Resting State of Composers
		Yang Hua Hou Changyue Lu Jing Luo Cheng Yao Dezhong
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.014

		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 612-615 [Abstract] ( 307 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1211 KB) ( 415 )

	616	Exploring Individual GABA+ Distribution Differences and Causes in OCC in Brain
		Wen Linfei Liao Congyu Chen Meng Zhu Darong Chen Song Zhong JianHui
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.015

		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 616-620 [Abstract] ( 248 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3392 KB) ( 391 )

	621	Experimental Study on Temperature Field of Microwave Ablation with Injecting Different Liquids in vitro
		Dong Tong Tian Zhen Nie Xiaohui Nan Qun
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.016

		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 621-625 [Abstract] ( 239 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2709 KB) ( 430 )

	626	Measurement for Detecting the Range of Motion of Fingers and Wrist Based on Depth Image from Kinect
		Qu Chang Shen Fang Yu Chenchen Sun Jie
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.017

		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 626-630 [Abstract] ( 339 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2336 KB) ( 423 )

	631	Research on Respiratory Synchronization Signal Extraction to Eliminate Respiratory Interference during Medical Signal Acquisition
		Zhu Yong Zhou Guohui Wu Xiaomei
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.018

		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 631-635 [Abstract] ( 311 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1621 KB) ( 408 )

	636	Single-Supply Differential Current Source Circuit Used in Electrical Impedance Tomography System
		Xiong Hui Wei Jinghua Liu Jinzhen
		DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.05.019

		2016 Vol. 35 (5): 636-640 [Abstract] ( 254 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (891 KB) ( 482 )

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