Abstract：The regeneration and repair of articular cartilage injury has been a clinical challenge. There has been an increasing focus on developing cartilage tissue engineering due to the limitations of surgical treatment. In cartilage tissue engineering, cartilage matrix is a promising biomaterial for cartilage regeneration given the evidence supporting its chondroinductive character. This natural biomaterial serves as a scaffold which can provide collagen network and biological factors for cartilage tissue regeneration. Decellularization was optimized to remove cells and cell remnants from cartilage effectively. However, the reduced vascularity, limited cell population, and dense extracellular matrix (ECM) inhibit cartilage regeneration. Therefore, most cartilage tissue culture studies focus on improving porosity of the scaffold and promoting cellular migration into central regions. This review focused on recent studies on cartilage ECM scaffold and briefly introduced key ways to obtain high-porosity scaffold that can improve cell infiltration and migration. We summarized from several aspects including decellularization, concentration regulation, oriented freeze-drying, artificial channels and laser micropatterning. By analyzing the principles and advantages of different methods, the importance of pore structure is further emphasized, and the relationship between scaffold performance and regulation methods is clarified.
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