Research Progress on Inhibitory Strategies of Heat Shock Proteins in Photothermal Therapy
Meng Yiling, Wen Tao#*, Xu Haiyan#
(Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China)
Abstract：Photothermal therapy (PTT) can kill tumor cells accurately and efficiently by using photothermal agents under the irradiation of external light source, so it has a broad application prospect in the treatment of solid tumors. However, recent studies have observed that PTT may lead to abnormal upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the cells, which enhances the heat resistance of cells and affects the therapeutic effect. Aiming to overcome the adverse influence of HSPs on the efficiency of photothermal treatment, various strategies have been developed in recent years. In this paper, inhibitory strategies for HSPs in PTT were classified according to the different principles, and the corresponding research progresses were introduced through study cases. The strategies mainly include the application of HSPs inhibitors in PTT system, blocking the glycolysis metabolism of tumor cells, inducing the production of lipid peroxide or highly reactive oxygen species (ROS), and HSPs gene interference and gene knockout. In addition, the advantages and limitations of the various strategies were compared and summarized. At the end, perspectives of HSP inhibition in photothermal therapy systems were discussed, and we proposed that joint strategies or designing new carriers and drugs would be promising to overcome the limitations of existing strategies.
[1] Majidi FS, Mohammadi E, Mehravi B, et al. Investigating the effect of near infrared photo thermal therapy folic acid conjugated gold nano shell on melanoma cancer cell line A375[J]. Artificial Cells Nanomed Biotechnology, 2019, 47(1): 2161-2170. [2] Moy AJ, Tunnell JW. Combinatorial immunotherapy and nanoparticle mediated hyperthermia[J]. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2017, 114: 175-183. [3] Zhou Benqing, Song Jun, Wang Meng, et al. BSA-bioinspired gold nanorods loaded with immunoadjuvant for the treatment of melanoma by combined photothermal therapy and immunotherapy[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(46): 21640-21647. [4] Kim KK, Kim R, Kim SH. Crystal structure of a small heat-shock protein[J]. Nature, 1998, 394: 595-599. [5] Jego G, Hazoumé A, Seigneuric R, et al. Targeting heat shock proteins in cancer[J]. Cancer Letters, 2013, 332(2): 275-285. [6] Tempel N, Horsman MR, Kanaar R. Improving efficacy of hyperthermia in oncology by exploiting biological mechanisms[J]. Int J Hyperthermia, 2016, 32(4): 446-454. [7] Wang Zhaohui, Li Siwen, Zhang Min, et al. Laser-triggered small interfering RNA releasing gold nanoshells against heat shock protein for sensitized photothermal therapy[J]. Advanced Science, 2017, 4(2): 1600327. [8] Zhou Jun, Li Menghuan, Hou Yanhua, et al. Engineering of a nanosized biocatalyst for combined tumor starvation and low-temperature photothermal therapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(3): 2858-2872. [9] Gao Ge, Jiang Yaowen, Guo Yuxin et al. Enzyme-mediated tumor starvation and phototherapy enhance mild-temperature photothermal therapy[J]. Advance Function Materials, 2020, 30: 1909391. [10] Liu Haijun, Wang Mingming, Hu Xiangxiang, et al. Enhanced photothermal therapy through the in situ activation of a temperature and redox dual-sensitive nanoreservoir of triptolide[J]. Small, 2020, 16(38): 2003398. [11] Liu Yanyan, Xu Meng, Zhao Yingyu, et al. Flower-like gold nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal anticancer therapy by the delivery of pooled siRNA to inhibit heat shock stress response[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2019, 7(4): 586-597. [12] Jiang Zhenqi, Yuan Bo,Wang Yinjie, et al. Near-infrared heptamethine cyanine dye-based nanoscale coordination polymers with intrinsic nucleus-targeting for low temperature photothermal therapy[J]. Nano Today, 2020, 34: 100910. [13] Chen Weihai, Luo Guofeng, Lei Qi, et al. Overcoming the heat endurance of tumor cells by interfering with the anaerobic glycolysis metabolism for improved photothermal therapy[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(2): 1419-1431. [14] Luo Zhangyi, Xu Jieni, Sun Jingjing, et al. Co-delivery of 2-Deoxyglucose and a glutamine metabolism inhibitor V9302 via a prodrug micellar formulation for synergistic targeting of metabolism in cancer[J]. Acta Biomaterialia, 2020, 105: 239-252. [15] ander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation[J]. Science, 2009, 324(5930): 1029-1033. [16] Ma Yan, Zhou Junhong, Miao Zhaohua, et al. dl-menthol loaded polypyrrole nanoparticles as a controlled diclofenac delivery platform for sensitizing cancer cells to photothermal therapy[J]. ACS Applied Bio Materials, 2019, 22: 848-855. [17] Chang Kaiwen, Liu Zhihe, Fang Xiaofeng, et al. Enhanced phototherapy by nanoparticle-enzyme via generation and photolysis of hydrogen peroxide[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(7): 4323-4329. [18] Fu Lianhua H, Qi Chao, Lin Jing, et al. Catalytic chemistry of glucose oxidase in cancer diagnosis and treatment[J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2018, 47(17): 6454-6472. [19] Hu Jingjing, Liu Miaodeng, Gao Fan, et al. Photo-controlled liquid metal nanoparticle-enzyme for starvation/photothermal therapy of tumor by win-win cooperation[J]. Biomaterials, 2019, 217: 119303. [20] Varghese E, Samuel SM, Líšková A, et al. Targeting glucose metabolism to overcome resistance to anticancer chemotherapy in breast cancer[J]. Cancers, 2020, 128: 2252. [21] Zhang Dongsheng, Li Juan, Wang Fengzhen, et al. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose targeting of glucose metabolism in cancer cells as a potential therapy[J]. Cancer Letters, 2014, 355(2): 176-183. [22] Dai Yeneng, Sun Zhiquan, Zhao Honghai, et al. NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided tumor-specific NIR-II photothermal therapy enhanced by starvation mediated thermal sensitization strategy[J]. Biomaterials, 2021, 275: 120935. [23] Wei Yao, Wang Dong, Jin Fangfang, et al. Pyruvate kinase type M2 promotes tumour cell exosome release via phosphorylating synaptosome-associated protein 23[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 14041. [24] Dang Juanjuan, Ye Huan, Li Yongjuan, et al. Multivalency-assisted membrane-penetrating siRNA delivery sensitizes photothermal ablation via inhibition of tumor glycolysis metabolism[J]. Biomaterials, 2019, 223: 119463. [25] Ma Ruixia, Yi Bin, Riker AI, et al. Metformin and cancer immunity[J]. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 2020, 41(11): 1403-1409. [26] Hardie DG, Ross FA, Hawley SA. AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis[J]. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2012, 13(4): 251-262. [27] Meng Xiangyu, Song Jia, Lei Yunfeng, et al. A metformin-based nanoreactor alleviates hypoxia and reduces ATP for cancer synergistic therapy[J]. Biomaterials Science, 2021, 9(22): 7456-7470. [28] Nascimento RA, Özel RE, Mak WH, et al. Single cell "glucose nanosensor" verifies elevated glucose levels in individual cancer cells[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 162: 1194-1200. [29] Onodera Y, Nam JM, Bissell MJ Increased sugar uptake promotes oncogenesis via EPAC/RAP1 and O-GlcNAc pathways[J]. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2014, 1241: 367-384. [30] Xu Congfei, Liu Yang, Shen Song, et al. Targeting glucose uptake with siRNA-based nanomedicine for cancer therapy[J]. Biomaterials, 2015, 51: 1-11. [31] Gottfried E, Lang SA, Renner K, et al. New aspects of an old drug--diclofenac targets MYC and glucose metabolism in tumor cells[J]. PLoS ONE, 2013, 87: e66987. [32] Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR. Lipid peroxidation in cell death[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2017, 482(3): 419-425. [33] Ying Weiwei, Zhang Yang, Gao Wei, et al. Hollow magnetic nanocatalysts drive starvation-chemodynamic-hyperthermia synergistic therapy for tumor[J]. ACS Nano, 2020, 14(8): 9662-9674. [34] Gürbüz G, Heinonen M. LC-MS investigations on interactions between isolated β-lactoglobulin peptides and lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde[J]. Food Chemistry, 2015, 175: 300-305. [35] Kaur K, Salomon RG, O'Neil J, et al. (Carboxyalkyl) pyrroles in human plasma and oxidized low-density lipoproteins[J]. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1997, 10(12): 1387-1396. [36] Chang Mengyu, Hou Zhiyao, Wang Man, et al. Single-atom Pd nanozyme for ferroptosis-boosted mild-temperature photothermal therapy[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2021, 60(23): 12971-12979. [37] Tao Weiwei, Wang Neng, Ruan Jie, et al. Enhanced ROS-boosted phototherapy against pancreatic cancer via Nrf2-mediated stress-defense pathway suppression and ferroptosis induction[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 145: 6404-6416. [38] Lam JK, Chow MY, Zhang Yu, et al. siRNA versus miRNA as therapeutics for gene silencing[J]. Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids, 2015, 4(9): 252. [39] Zhang Kai, Meng Xiandan. Cao Yu, et al. Metal-organic framework nanoshuttle for synergistic photodynamic and low-temperature photothermal therapy[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1804634. [40] Guo Ranran, Tian Ye, Yang Yueqi, et al. A yolk-shell nanoplatform for gene-silencing-enhanced photolytic ablation of cancer[J]. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1706398. [41] Turner JJ, Jones SW, Moschos SA, et al. MALDI-TOF mass spectral analysis of siRNA degradation in serum confirms an RNAse A-like activity[J]. Molecular BioSystems, 2007, 3(1): 43-50. [42] Jackson AL, Linsley PS. Recognizing and avoiding siRNA off-target effects for target identification and therapeutic application[J]. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2010, 9(1): 57-67. [43] Hu Jingjing, Cheng Yingjia, Zhang Xianzheng. Recent advances in nanomaterials for enhanced photothermal therapy of tumors[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(48): 22657-22672. [44] Zhou Wenhu, Ding Jinsong, Liu Juewen. Theranostic DNAzymes[J]. Theranostics, 2017, 7(4): 1010-1025. [45] Santoro SW and Joyce G.A general purpose RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997, 949: 4262-4266. [46] Nihongaki Y, Otabe T,Sato M. Emerging approaches for spatiotemporal control of targeted genome with inducible CRISPR-Cas9[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2018, 901: 429-439. [47] Li Xueqing, Pan Yongchun, Chen Chao, et al. Hypoxia-responsive gene editing to reduce tumor thermal tolerance for mild-photothermal therapy[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2021, 60(39): 21200-21204. [48] Macheda ML, Rogers S, Best JD. Molecular and cellular regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins in cancer[J]. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2005, 2023: 654-662.
