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2016 Vol. 35, No. 2 Published: 2016-04-20 129 Brainformatics—Concept, Scope and Challenges Yao Dezhong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.001 Brain science is a recognized frontier science and technology. It is now of extensive and profound content. Multiple branch disciplines have been setup, according to the spatial scale of the relevant content involved such as cellular neurobiology or the main tools adopted in study such as computational neuroscience. This paper pointed out that information science driven brain research is forming a new discipline——Brainformatics as a very vigor and vitality subject, with "brain information acquisition", "brain information decoding" and "brain information applications" as the main contents. The paper illustrates some concrete contents of the three aspects. Finally the chances and challenges are discussed. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 129-132 [Abstract] ( 769 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2086 KB)  ( 1266 ) 133 Simultaneous Medical Image Fusion and De-Noising with Joint Sparse Representation Zong Jingjing1,2Qiu Tianshuang 1#*Guo Dongmei3 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.002 The complementary information of multi-modality medical images can be integrated together, which can provide abundant information and effective help for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on the joint sparse model, a new medical image fusion algorithm based on the joint sparse representation was proposed in this paper, and this method could carry out image fusion and de-noising simultaneously while the images were corrupted by noise. First, the registered source images were compiled into column vectors and composed of a joint matrix, and then an over-complete dictionary was obtained through online dictionary learning algorithm(ODL). Second, a joint dictionary was obtained by the over-complete dictionary under the joint sparse model, then based on the joint dictionary, the common sparse coefficients and unique sparse coefficients were computed by the least angle regression algorithm(LARS), and the sparse coefficients of fused image were obtained according to the fusion rule "choose max". Last, the fusion image was reconstructed according to the fusion coefficient and the over-complete dictionary. Compared with three classical algorithms,the results showed that the proposed algorithm has small luminance distortion, small contrast distortion and clear edge texture in the subjective vision, the statistical mean values of the objective parameters MI, QAB/F under noiseless and noisy case were 3.992 3, 2.896 4, 2.505 5 and 0.658, 0.552 4, 0.439 6, respectively. All of these can provide effective help for clinical diagnosis and treatment. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 133-140 [Abstract] ( 515 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4691 KB)  ( 936 ) 141 Automatic Tracking of Muscle Fascicle Orientation in Ultrasound Images: A Novel Approach Based on Local Radon Transform and Kalman Filter Wen Huiying1 Yang Xiaojuan1 Guo Yanrong1 Zhang Shuai2 Zhang Zhiguo2 Wang Tianfu1 Chen Siping1 Chen Xin1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.003 Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive, realtime and convenient imaging method, which has been widely applied in analysis of human muscle contraction. So far manual operation is commonly used in clinical applications to extract morphological parameters from ultrasound image, however, may bring outcomes such as subjective, time-consuming and low repetitive. In this paper, an automatic method is proposed to calculate and track the fascicle orientation in sequences of ultrasound images. We constrained mutual information-based free-form deformation algorithm to automatically detect reading of interest. Then the detected results were projected based on local Radon transform. Then the Kalman filter image processing technique was applied to predict and track the next frame change of fascicle orientation. Six subjects participated in the walking experiment. We collected the dynamic ultrasound images from the medial gastrocnemius muscle during the process and calculated the muscle fascicle orientation using the proposed method. Experimental results showed that the proposed automatic detection method achieved better robustness. Compared with the manual measurement, the average correlation coefficient was 0.92±0.02, and the average error was 0.30°±0.62°. To some extent, the proposed method can replace the manual measurement, presenting a significant advantage especially when dealing with a large number of ultrasound data. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 141-147 [Abstract] ( 461 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3177 KB)  ( 629 ) 148 Analysis on Elicitation and Stability of Linear and Nonlinear Components in Maximum Length Sequence Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Huang Zhaohui  Lin Lin  Wang Tao* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.004 The auditory system is treated as a linear system to record the conventional auditory brainstem response (cABR). An advanced stimulation technique using maximum length sequence (MLS) is introduced to establish a Volterra series expansion model, and to obtain the representation of ABR components in response to individual and multiple stimulation. Under this way, the ABR is called MLS-ABR. To date, the literature report on nonlinear MLS-ABR has been limited due to the acquisition and technique difficulty. This study was aiming to investigate nonlinear ABRs using a MLS stimulation of 9th degree on 11 normal human adults. The MLS-ABR featured waves 1, 3, and 5, corresponding to cABR, waves I, II and V were selected for further analysis. The results demonstrated a clear morphology of the firstorder and secondorder kernel slices (VS1 and VS21), which reflect the linear and nonlinear components of ABR, with relative high elicitations (> 80 %) of the selected featured waves for both slices, and particularly, the wave 5 exhibited strong nonlinear effects. The variable coefficients were used to quantify the latency stability of the featured waves in comparison with that of cABRs. The results presented that the linear components in MLSABR (the variable coefficients of wave 1, 3, 5 were 5.17, 3.70, 2.00, respectively) was more stable than cABR (the variable coefficients of wave I, III, V were 6.54, 3.70, 2.87), This study validated that nonlinearity of ABR could be presented by MLS method, and demonstrated the fundamental nonlinear characteristics of MLSABRs, providing a reference for future study. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 148-154 [Abstract] ( 387 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1019 KB)  ( 474 ) 155 Short-Term Heart Rate Variability for Assessment of Autonomic Nervous Activity in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure Liu Hongduoer Zhan Ping Wang Zhigang Peng Yi#* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.005 This study is aimed to investigate the autonomic modulation and influence in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) based on shortterm heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. One dataset from THEW as normal controls (n=189) and two datasets of CHF patients from PhysioNet were selected in this study. According to  NYHA class, 44 CHF patients were divided into mild CHF group (NYHA I-II, n=12) and severe CHF group (NYHA III-IV, n=32). Two 5 minute episodes of RR interval (RRI), representing day and night in resting state, were selected in each Holter record. Then, time domain analysis, AR model based frequency domain analysis and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were calculated in each series. The results demonstrated that there were significant differences for shortterm fractal scaling exponent in the day ((α1)d) in any two groups among normal controls, mild CHF group and severe CHF group. Moreover, the declining trend of (α1)d (1.35±0.21, 1.03±0.29 and 0.81±0.29, respectively) showed the change of heart rate dynamics from fractal properties towards random structure. In the meanwhile, significant differences existed for HFn in the day ((HFn)d) in any two groups among the abovementioned three groups. And the sustained increase of (HFn)d (23.89%±12.78%, 37.22%±11.24% and 56.30%±15.28%, respectively) suggested the loss of reciporcal function between sympathetic and vagal branches. Using RRIn(night RRI), (HFn)d and (α1)d , the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating normal people and CHF patients reached 90.91% and 92.06%; Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating mild CHF patients and severe CHF patients were 84.38% and 100%. Combining nonlinear analysis and traditional methods, our results provided the basis for clinical use of HRV in monitoring the progress of CHF and testing therapeutic effects. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 155-161 [Abstract] ( 357 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (872 KB)  ( 396 ) 162 Construction Method of Clinical Medical Data Warehouse Based on openEHR Wang Dongdong1 Ye Feng1 Lv Xudong2* Min Lingtong2 Wang Li2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.006 Complexity and continuous evolution of healthcare information is the biggest challenge for healthcare information systems, and two-level information model from openEHR can facilitate healthcare information systems to adapt to the change of healthcare information requirements. However, the medical information system based on openEHR two-level modeling displays low performance when facing with specific operational demands such as a large number of data query and complex and mutative query conditions. This is mainly related to the fundamental data storage model. The multidimensional data model of data warehouse has the advantage of high-performance query, the data mart that is established for fulfilling users′ particular demand can increase the particular query speed. Due to the particularity of the medical information system that based on openEHR two-level modeling, the outcomes for traditional data warehouse construction method include low users′ participation and time consuming. In this work, a mapping method between template and multidimensional data model of data warehouse based on openEHR two-level modeling was proposed to solve this problem, aiming to achieve the configuration of multidimensional data model by users, and use the mapping path to accelerate the implementation of ETL. This research provided one kind of dirigible and scalable data warehouse construction method reflecting user′s requirements for medical industry. We also validated this method in performance. Results showed that the data mart that was built based on this method was 5.6 times faster than the database which was generated based on openEHR two-level modeling and was 0.97 times than the data mart that was built by traditional method when querying 329 results in 10861522 records. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 162-168 [Abstract] ( 722 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (892 KB)  ( 602 ) 169 Finite Element Analysis on  Effect of Power of Electrosurgical Unit on  Lesions of Muscular Tissue Ru Leilei  Zheng Jing*Li Yunlong  Zhou Zhongrong DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.007 As an electrosurgery energy device, electrosurgical unit has been widely used in clinical practice to cut tissues. In this paper, based on Pennes thermodynamic equation, a thermodynamics lesion model of in vitro porcine muscle tissue in cut mode was first established using ANSYS Workbench. And then the lesions of muscular tissue at different powers of electrosurgical unit were analyzed, aiming to reveal the effect of electrosurgical unit power on tissue lesions. Results showed that with the power of electrosurgical unit increasing, the area and extent of tissue lesion changed nonlinearly. As the power was gradually increased from 20 W to 60 W, only local variation instead of significant increase occurred to lesion area. And the highest temperature in tissues increased from 214 .4℃ to 301.7℃. As the power was increased from 60 W to 70 W, the lesion area increased significantly, and the highest temperature in tissues increased rapidly from 301.7℃ to 436.6℃. Obviously, the extent of tissue lesion aggravated remarkably. In addition, with the gap between the tissue and electrode decreasing, the extent of tissue lesion was aggravated. The temperature in tissues increased sharply about ±1.8 mm away from the center of electrode along the cutting direction, while the temperature increased sharply about ±1.2 mm away from the center of electrode perpendicular to the cutting direction. The results would help to reveal the relationship between the power of electrosurgical unit and tissue lesions in cut mode, and then provide valuable insights into the clinical application of electrosurgical unit. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 169-176 [Abstract] ( 483 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7938 KB)  ( 292 ) 177 Effect of Balloon Configuration on Coronary Stent Expansion and Recoil He Yuna Xu Chuangye Liu Xiujian Wu Guanghui Shu Lixia Lin Changyan#* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.008 The expansion and recoil of coronary stents under different balloon configurations were simulated to provide scientific guidance for the finite element simulation and optimization design of balloon expandable stents. The Cypher stent and four Raptor balloons (non-folded, tri-folded, six-folded and six-folded balloon with conical tip) were modeled by SolidWorks, the mesh generation was finished by Hypermesh, and the expansion and recoil of different balloon expandable stents were simulated by Abaqus Explicit. The simulation results were verified by the pressure-diameter compliance curve of the manufacturer. Besides, the maximum "dog-boning", foreshortening and radial recoil rates were depicted to evaluate different simulation effect. The non-folded balloon expandable stent expanded larger than others with low stress, and all three coefficients were the highest. Six-folded balloon expandable stent behaved well, its pressure-diameter compliance curve perfectly agreed with the manufacturer′s data than tri-folded configuration. Furthermore, its foreshortening (6.1%) and recoil (1.9%) rates were also lower than the former. As for the last one, its "dog-boning" (12%) and foreshortening (3.85%) rates were significantly lowest which may due to the conical tip. In the early stage of stent design, the non-folded configuration can be used to carry out the expansion and recoil simulation of the stent, but considering the transient behavior and the final positioning, the folded level and the conical tip design should be included in the simulation. From the point of optimization design, six-folded configuration is more beneficial to the uniform expansion of the stent than the tri-folded model. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 177-183 [Abstract] ( 541 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6217 KB)  ( 893 ) 184  Three-Dimensional Fusion of Posterior Spinal Column to Prevent Postoperative Late Correction Loss in Thoracolumbar Fractures: Finite Element Analysis and Randomized Controlled Trial Wu Lijun1*Yu Fengjiao1  He Dengwei2*Zhong Shizhen3 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.009 To assess the biomechanics and clinical effects of facet joint plus interspinous process graft 3D fusion on preventing postoperative late correct loss in thoracolumbar fractures with disc damage treated with posterior approach. By simulating the internal fixation removal postoperatively, two surgical finite element models of the L1-L2 segments for facet joint plus interspinous process fusion (treatment group model) and single-level facet joint fusion (control group model) were established. The compression, flexion and extension were modeled on the basis of a three-column spine theory. The radiologic follow-up of a prospective clinical randomized controlled trial for the treatment group (11 cases) and control group (13 cases) were conducted to detect clinical effects of these two surgical models. The disc vertical compressive displacement and strain of the treatment group model were significantly reduced when compared to those of the control group model. The stress level on bilateral articular process bone graft was decreased. Furthermore, the posterior tension band of the treatment model was stronger and more stable than that of the control model. Accordingly, radiologic follow-up results of the trial at postoperative late stage of the treatment group were significantly better than those of the control group, which had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Bilateral facet joints plus interspinous process 3D fusion is able to model the three-dimensional spinal stability more effectively than single-level facet joints fusion and was superior in bony fusion to prevent postoperative late correction loss in the patients treated with posterior approach alone. Finite element analysis associated with small randomized controlled trial is useful to design, evaluate and optimize surgical interventions. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 184-193 [Abstract] ( 422 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7824 KB)  ( 203 ) 194 Finite Element Analysis of Two Kinds of Internal Fixation Methods after TotalSpondylectomy of Lower Cervical Spine Wang Chenxi1 Zhao Gaiping1* Bai Leilei1 Chen Nanxin1 Chen Eryun2 Zhao Qinghua3 Ma Tong4 Tu Yihui4 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.010 To investigate effects from different combinations of anterior and posterior internal fixation on stability of the cervical spine after total spondylectomy of C5 vertebral. The intact finite element model of the lower cervical spine C3\|C7 was established based on CT images. Based on the verified finite element model of intact cervical spine, two reconstruction models after total spondylectomy of C5 vertebral were established: one was titanium mesh plus anterior plate plus posterior singlesegmental pedical screw model(TM+AP+SPS), the other one was titanium mesh plus anterior plate plus posterior doublesegmental pedical screw model(TM+AP+DPS). Moment of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 N·m was separately applied on top of the model, ROM of two reconstruction model under flexion, extension, lateral bending and torsion conditions and the stress distribution of internal fixation devices were analyzed. The ROM of reconstruction segments was increased with the increase of the torque, showing nonlinear trend, ROM of TM+AP+SPS model was increased larger. In the case of 1.0 N·m torque, the ROM of reconstruction segments was greatly reduced by over 83% as compare to that of the intact model.ROM of the adjacent segments of the TM+AP+SPS model was increased by over 11% under extension, bending and torsion conditions, the ROM of C6\|C7 segment was increased by over 41.79% under torsion condition, and ROM of adjacent segments of TM+AP+DPS model was significantly reduced. Stress of the titanium mesh of TM+AP+SPS model and TM+AP+DPS model were separately focused on the compression side and the rear. Adjacent segments of TM+AP+SPS model had a great compensatory activity, and ROM of each segment of the TM+AP+DPS model was significantly reduced, the stability of cervical spine was better in TM+AP+DPS model. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 194-201 [Abstract] ( 328 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5803 KB)  ( 350 ) 202 Initial Orthodontic Force Analysis of Shape Memory Polymer Arch Wire Based on Finite Element Simulation Wu Jianlei1  Liu Yunfeng1*Peng Wei1  Lin Wenwu1  Xu Lixin2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.011 In orthodontic treatment, metallic arch wire may produce potential toxic effect to human and can not satisfy the aesthetic requirements. In contrast, shape memory polymer (SMP) arch wire has attracted more and more attention for its good mechanical properties and aesthetic appearance. However, shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) as a typical kind of material, its effect in orthodontic treatment, including the force supplied by SMPU wire still remains to be explored. In orthodontic research, the intra-oral evaluation of the force supplied by appliances is difficult to achieve, and finite element method (FEM) has been widely applied as an alternative method. Aiming at these problems, based on the one-dimensional SMP constitutive equation built by Tobushi, a 3D constitutive equation of SMP is derived reference to the standard model of viscoelastic material, and user-defined material mechanical behavior (UMAT) subroutine used for ABAQUS is written by FORTRAN language. From clinical orthodontics data, a 3D model including teeth, brackets and SMPU arch wire were constructed. Taking a maxillary lateral incisor and a canine as examples, through exerting different deformation on arch wire, the initial orthodontic force of arch wire was acquired by FEM simulation. When deflection is 3 mm, the value range is 0.06～0.55N. The results revealed that the initial orthodontic force of SMPU arch wire is somewhat smaller than the optimal orthodontic force required in clinic, and is suitable in the first phase of orthodontic treatment. But the mechanics performances of SMP are still needed to be improved, which will promote a very high potential value on medical application in the future. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 202-210 [Abstract] ( 423 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (8559 KB)  ( 368 ) 211 Effect of Different Attachment with Aligner in Mandibular Canine′s Labial-Lingual Direction Translation#br# Cai Yongqing1  Yang Xiaoxiang2*He Bingwei2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.012 The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of attachments on mandibular canine’s translation movement in labial-lingual direction with Invisalign. The three-dimensional CT scan technology accompanied with modeling software of Mimics and Geomagic Studio were used to model the mandibular tissues. Twelve different attachments used to assist the orthodontic tooth movement were built by Solidworks software. The obtained mandibular and attachment models were imported into ABAQUS software to build the finite element model. Thirteen orthodontic treatment simulations that aimed to move the mandibular canine from labial to lingual side 0.25 mm were operated in this study. Twelve simulations were operated with 12 different attachments, and one treatment simulation without attachment. The absolute value of the ratio of the maximum displacement in crown apical and root apex |Rcr| were used to evaluate the position of the canine’s rotation center. In the simulation case without attachment, the value of |Rcr| was 2.902, and the |Rcr| value in other simulation cases with attachments were all greater than 2.902. The |Rcr | average value was 1.57 in oval and rectangula attachments, and 2.25 in other 8 semi-body attachment cases. The canine moved more like translation when the attachment was semi-body type. In the simulation case without attachment, the maximum von Mises stress in canine’s periodontal ligament was 1.077 MPa. In other 12 simulations with attachments, the maximum von Mises stress in canine’s periodontal ligament was 1.129 MPa, only increased by 4.83% when compared with 1.077 MPa. The maximum von Mises stress value in 12 attachments was 245.1 MPa in oval horizontal attachment. Attachments are helpful to the canine’s translation movement. The attachments with large volume and area are not the most efficient. The most appropriate attachment in this orthodontic treatment was semi-tet left. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 211-217 [Abstract] ( 354 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4808 KB)  ( 904 ) 218 Study on Induction of Human Muse Cells into Neural Precursor Cells in vitro Wang Xuecheng1  Ma Meng1  Wu Yuqi1  Niu Xueying1  Zhang Yaping2Wang Xiaodong1  Chen Xue1* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.013 The work explored approaches of inducing Muse cells derived from the adult bone marrow into neural precursor cells in vitro. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were separated and cultured from the healthy adult bone marrow. Then Muse cells were collected using the flow cytometry sorting. In order to observe the characteristics of the pluripotent stem cells, Muse cells were analyzed using immunocytochemical staining and qPCR assay. Afterward, neural inducing culture media was used to induce Muse cells into neural precursor cells (Muse-NPCs). The immunocytochemical staining and qPCR assay were used to observe the expression of the markers specific for the neural stem cell in Muse cells. Muse cells accounting for about 0.58% of hBMSCs were obtained that expressing the markers of the pluripotent stem cells: SSEA-3, Nanog and Oct4. Muse cells also showed significantly higher levels of mRNA of these markers comparing to hBMSCs (P＜0.01). The induced Muse-NPCs expressed the markers of neural stem cells including Nestin and βIII-tubulin. Additionally, the levels of mRNA of these markers in Muse-NPCs was significantly higher than those in hBMSCs and Muse cells (P＜0.01). In conclusion, Muse cells were successfully separated from adult bone marrow and then induced into Muse-NPCs in vitro, providing a new type of seed cells for the cell therapies in the nervous system. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 218-224 [Abstract] ( 324 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5787 KB)  ( 675 ) 225 Review on State-of-the-Art of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging Zhang Xirui1, 3Zhang Mingbo2   Sang Maodong1Wang Guangzhi3*Tang Jie2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.014 Due to its characteristics of noninvasive, real-time, and high diagnosis ratios, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging has played an increasingly important role in cancer diagnosis. Herein, the latest research progress of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging was summarized in this paper, mainly including following aspects: 1) Subharmonic ultrasound imaging with a higher contrast-to-tissue ratio and superior penetration performance, which are due to detection of the lower frequency component of the microbubbles′ backscatter echoes; 2) Application of plane-wave emission technology in ultrasound contrast imaging that is capable of increasing temporal resolution whilst reducing microbubble′s destruction; 3) Coded excitation based ultrasound contrast imaging to obtain a better penetration; 4) Experimental research on new types of ultrasound contrast agents for ultrahigh frequency imaging. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 225-233 [Abstract] ( 944 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7611 KB)  ( 786 ) 234 The Application of EEG Feature Analysis in Clinical Research of Alzheimer′s Disease Li Xin1，2,3*Xie Jiali1，2Hou Yongjie4  Chen Zetao1，2Liang Qiongyu1，2Guo Cuina1，2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.015 Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a typical brain cognitive dysfunction, having serious impacts on the patient′s work and life. Early diagnosis of this disease has been one important issue that attracts intense attention and also a meaningful work. EEG contains a lot of functional information in favor of early diagnosis of brain cognitive dysfunction. Our study based on the pathogenesis of AD summed up the conventional diagnostic methods of AD, and further reviewed the current situation of the EEG analysis method, such as the EEG power spectrum, evoked potentials, approximate entropy and complexity, etc. The perspective in this field was discussed as well. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 234-240 [Abstract] ( 654 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (783 KB)  ( 811 ) 241 Progress in the Study on Biocompatibility of Absorbable Hemostatic Materials Deng Lejun1,3Fan Honghao1,3Li Weida1，2Zhu Jinhui3   Li Rubing1，3* DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.016 Absorbable hemostatic materials are one of biomedical materials that applied to stanch bleeding. They are degradable in vivo and play an important role in the surgical hemostasis. In recent years, absorbable haemostatic materials mainly include chitosan, fibrinogen, cyanoacrylates, oxidized cellulose, collagen. Except for hemostatic effect, the biocompatibility is also an important feature for the quality of these materials. In this article, we made a comprehensive evaluation among the absorbable hemostatic materials under the guidance of safety and efficacy of biocompatibility, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the utility and development of absorbable hemostatic materials in further research. 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 241-246 [Abstract] ( 441 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (768 KB)  ( 1084 ) 247 Theoretical Study of Firing Rhythm of Neuron System Based on Transcranial Hall-Effect Stimulation Yuan Yi1*  Chen Yudong1Yan Jiaqing1   Li Xiaoli2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.017 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 247-251 [Abstract] ( 282 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (921 KB)  ( 458 ) 252 The Cellular Automata Model and Optimization Algorithm of Tissue Engineering Cartilage Qiu Bingxia1  Li Hong1*Wang Yu′an1  Li Wenkang1  Tao Meng1  Chen Fengnong1  Chen Jie2 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016.02.018 2016 Vol. 35 (2): 252-256 [Abstract] ( 417 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (19894 KB)  ( 140 )

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