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| Effect of Cryoprotectants and Cooling Rates on Young’s Modulus of Porcine Articular Cartilage |
| Institute of Biothermal Science, University of Shanghai for Science & Technology, Shanghai 200093, China |
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Abstract To explore the effects of cryoprotectants, concentrations and cooling rates on Young’s modulus of porcine articular cartilage (AC), control-force mode of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used. Cooling rates were set as 1, 10 and 20℃／min. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), glycerine and 1,2-dihydroxypropane were chosen to be CPAs and the effects of their concentrations ［i.e. 10%, 20% , 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%(V/V)］ on Young's modulus of porcine articular cartilage were studied. The results showed that: 1) The Young's modulus was increased with the increase of CPA concentration within the low and medium concentration range ［less than 40%(V/V)］. While within high concentration range ［more than 40%(V/V)］ the Young's modulus was decreased with the increasing of CPA concentration. For example, when the cooling rate was 1℃／min, the Young's modulus of sample treated with different DMSO concentrations were 1.412, 2.031, 2.331, 1.991, 2.227 and 1.868 MPa for 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%(V/V), respectively. 2) Within the low and medium CPA concentration range, slow cooling rate was beneficial to preserve Young's modulus of AC. For example, when the cooling rate was 1℃／min, the Young's modulus of sample treated with 40%(V/V) DMSO was 2.331 MPa, and 2.151 MPa for 10℃／min. 3) At the concentration range of 30%~60%(V/V), DMSO was the best one to protect the Young’s modulus of AC, glycerin was the second best one, and 1, 2-dihydroxypropan exhibited the lowest performance.
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