1Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China; 2Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310027, China; 3 Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
Abstract：The knowledge of permeation kinetics of cryoprotective agent (CPA) in articular cartilage (AC) is of critical importance for designing optimal CPA addition protocols to achieve successful cryopreservation of AC. In this study, a mass transport model was developed for predicting CPA diffusion in AC. The effective diffusion coefficient was correlated to the infinite dilution coefficients through a binary diffusion thermodynamic model. The UNIFAC model was used to evaluate the activity coefficient, the Vignes equation was employed to estimate the composition dependence of the diffusion coefficient, and the Siddiqi-Lucas correlation was applied to determine the diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution. The model was demonstrated to predict the spatial and temporal CPA distribution in AC during addition. Results showed that the predicted overall CPA uptakes by AC match the experiment data well. The mean relative error (MRE) and coefficient of determination (R2) are 1.90%～36.29% and 0.959～0.998 for dimethyl sulfoxide, 13.56%～19.19% and 0.990～0.995 for glycerol, 8.89%～22.09% and 0.969～0.988 for ethylene glycol, and 5.35%～23.76% and 0.971～0.992 for propylene glycol, respectively.
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