Abstract：Nonhuman primates are important animal models in neuroscience research, which can be compatible with a variety of invasive and non-invasive methods of neural signal detection and neural activity regulation. Combined with the non-invasive method of non-human primate neuroscience research results, it is helpful for the clinical transformation of a large number of basic research results based on animal models. Among them,magnetic resonance (MR) brain imaging technology is the most important non-invasive detection method of brain nerve signal. The research ofmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in non-human primates plays an important role in understanding the physiological mechanism ofMRI, the research and development of quantitative physiological detection technology based on MRI, basic research of neuroscience, psychology and clinical pathological mechanism. But non-human primate MRI is facing many technical challenges, including the lack of appropriate MRI scanners and matching imaging hardware, the need for higher imaging resolution, and the compatibility of the needs of diverse animal experiments. Ultra-high field (UHF, field strength>3 T) MRI has the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio, highblood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal detection sensitivity and submillimeter level high-resolution imaging ability, which is widely used in the brain imaging research of non-human primates. In this paper, we reviewed the application of UHF MR brain imaging in non-human primates, the technical challenges faced, and the current technical solutions. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the current methods were summarized and the development trend was proposed.
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