面部碰撞对行人创伤性脑损伤影响的生物力学研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016. 01.008

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摘要为预测和评判行人面部碰撞对创伤性脑损伤机理及生物力学响应，结合计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振（MRI）医学成像技术，建立符合中国人体特征的50百分位头颈部几何模型和有限元模型。有限元模型中颅骨与脑之间的相对运动采用切向滑动边界条件，摩擦系数定义为0.2，模拟鼻骨斜碰撞、鼻外侧软骨正面碰撞、牙齿正面碰撞、下颌骨碰撞和颧骨外侧斜碰撞等5种典型面部碰撞交通事故场景，探讨应力波在颅骨和脑内传播路径，得到颅内压力、von Mises等效应力和剪切应力等生物力学响应参数分布规律。结果显示，鼻骨斜碰撞颅内压力峰值为236.7 kPa，von Mises应力为25.97 kPa，超过了大脑耐受阈值；颧骨外侧斜碰撞最大横向剪切应力分别为14.56 kPa和-18.07 kPa，促使脑组织产生了较大的剪切变形，存在严重脑损伤风险。结论表明：面部碰撞的位置和方向是导致面部骨折严重程度的关键因素，面骨骨折的位置决定创伤性脑损伤的部位，面骨骨折都带有一定程度的创伤性脑损伤；头部受到冲击时,面部结构能够吸收大量的冲击能量来保护大脑，降低颅脑损伤的风险。

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	羊玢¹
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	3 曹立波^1*李鹏²胡敏²肖峰²袁云康²梅永存²Lee Heow Pueh³

关键词 ：头颈部, 有限元模型, 面部碰撞, 创伤性脑损伤, 损伤生物力学

Abstract：The aim of this work is to predict and evaluate the injury mechanism and biomechanical response of the facial impact on pedestrian traumatic brain injury. With the combination of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), both geometric and finite element (FE) models for human headneck were developed based on Chinese headneck anatomic structure. Both the skull and the brain interface were modeled as a contact pair with a tangential sliding boundary condition with the coefficient of friction of 0.2. Five typical cases of facial traffic accidents were simulated, including frontal oblique impact on the nasal bone, frontal impact on lateral cartilage on the nasal tip, frontal impact on teeth, base impact on mandible and lateral oblique impact on zygomatic bone. Also, investigation of the association of the TBI with its mechanisms following facial trauma was conducted, with the individual stress wave propagation paths to the intracranial contents through the facial and cranial skeleton being discussed thoroughly. Intracranial pressure, von Mises stress and shear stress distribution were achieved. It was indicated that the frontal oblique impact on the nasal bone was the most severe with peak pressure of 236.7 kPa and maximum von Mises stress of 25.97 kPa comparable to the brain tolerance threshold. It was shown that the lateral oblique impact on zygomaticomaxillary bone produces the highest shear stresses of 14.56 kPa and -18.07 kPa in leftright direction while the base impacts on the mandible cause the brain tissues to shear tremendously, which indicates a risk of severe TBI. It was proved the site and direction of facial impact played a key role in determining the severity of facial fracture and location of facial bone fracture, which in turns influence those of TBI, facial fracture has a certain degree of traumatic brain injury. The facial structure dissipated the impact energy to protect the brain in its most natural way and reduce the risk of TBI.

Key words： head-neck finite element model facial impact traumatic brain injury injury mechanism

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（11172099）；湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室基金（31415008）；中国博士后科学基金（2015M572243）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK20130981）

引用本文:

羊玢^1,2,3曹立波^1*李鹏²胡敏²肖峰²袁云康²梅永存²Lee Heow Pueh³. 面部碰撞对行人创伤性脑损伤影响的生物力学研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2016, 35(1): 63-70.
Yang Bin^1,2,3Cao Libo¹Li Peng²Hu Min²Xiao Feng²Yuan Yunkang²Mei Yongcun^{2 . Biomechanical Study of the Facial Impact on Pedestrian. journal1, 2016, 35(1): 63-70.}

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http://cjbme.csbme.org/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2016. 01.008 或 http://cjbme.csbme.org/CN/Y2016/V35/I1/63