Abstract：As a noninvasive and continuous monitoring method, surface electrocardiogram is significant in evaluating cardiac safety. The time interval series extracted from surface electrocardiogran contain important information. The RR and QT interval series, representing the cardiac cycle and the duration of ventricular repolarization, are with more research value. From the perspective of applied basic research, the methods and progress, concerning the QT interval adaption to RR interval changes and correlation analysis between heart rate variability (HRV) and QT interval variability (QTV), were introduced here. And their potential applications were discussed as well.
〖KH2D〗
〖WTHZ〗Key words：〖WTBZ〗〖BP(〗┣┣（英）关键词┫┫〖BP)〗
［1］Ahnve S, Vallin H. Influence of heart rate and inhibition of autonomic tone on the QT interval ［J］. Circulation, 1982, 65(3): 435-439.
［2］Magnano AR, Holleran S, Ramakrishnan R, et al. Autonomic nervous system influences on QT interval in normal subjects ［J］. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2002, 39(11): 1820-1826.
［3］Gastaldelli A, Emdin M, Conforti F, et al. Insulin prolongs the QTc interval in humans ［J］. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2000, 279: R2022-R2025.
［4］Cascio WE, Johnson TA, Gettes LS. Electrophysiologic change in ischemic ventricular myocardium: Influence of Ionic, metabolic and energetic changes ［J］. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 1995, 6:1039-1062.
［5］Varkevisser R, Wijers SC, van der Heyden MAG, et al. Beattobeat variability of repolarization as a new biomarker for proarrhythmia in vivo ［J］. Heart Rhythm, 2012,9:1718-1726.
［6］Lengyel C, Orosz A, Hegyi P, et al. Increased short-term variability of the RT interval in professional soccer players: possible implications for arrhythmia prediction ［J］. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(4): e18751.
［7］Malik M, Hnatkova K, Novatny T, et al. Subjectspecific profiles of QT/RR hysteresis ［J］. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 2008, 295:H2356-H2363.
［8］Pueyo E，Smetana P，Caminal P，et al. Characterization of QT interval adaptation to RR interval changes and its use as a risk-stratifier of arrhythmic mortality in amiodarone-treated survivors of acute myocardial infarction ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering，2004，51(9)：1511-1520.
［9］Pueyo E，Malik M，Laguna P. Beat-to-beat adaptation of QT interval to heart rate ［C］//Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Shanghai：IEEE, 2005: 2487-2478.
［10］Seethala S， Shusterman V，Saba S，et al. Effect of βadrenergic stimulation on QT interval accommodation ［J］. Heart Rhythm，2011，8(2)：263-270.
［11］Malik M, Hnatkova K, Kowalski D, et al. Importance of subject-specific QT/RR curvatures in the design of individual heart rate corrections of the QT interval ［J］. J Electrocardiology, 2012,45:571-581.
［12］Baumert M， Schlaich MP，Nalivaiko E，et al. Relation between QT interval variability and cardiac sympathetic activity in hypertension ［J］. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol，2011，300：1412-1417.
［13］Berger RD. QT variability ［J］. J Electrocardiology,2003,36 Suppl:83-87.
［14］Baumert M, Lambert GW, Dawood T, et al. QT interval variability and cardiac norepinephrine spillover in patients with depression and panic disorder［J］. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol,2008, 295: H962-H968.
［15］Piccirillo G，Magrì D，Pappadà MA，et al. Autonomic nerve activity and the shortterm variability of the TpeakTend interval in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure ［J］. Heart Rhythm，2012，9：2045-2050.
［16］Porta A，Baselli G，Caiani E，et al. Quantifying electrocardiogram RTRR variability interactions ［J］. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing，1998，36:27-34.
［17］Porta A，Tobaldini E，GnecchiRuscone T，et al.RT variability unrelated to heart period and respiration progressively increases during graded headup tilt ［J］. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol，2010，298:1406-1414.
［18］Porta A，Bari V，Badilini F，et al. Frequency domain assessment of the coupling strength between ventricular repolarization duration and heart period during graded head-up tilt ［J］. J Electrocardiology，2011，44：662-668.
［19］Almeida R，Gouveia S，Rocha AP，et al. QT variability and HRV interactions in ECG: quantification and reliability ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering，2006，53 (7):1317-1329.
［20］Murabayashi T, Fetics B, Kass D, et al. Beattobeat QT interval variability associated with acute myocardial ischemia ［J］. J Electrocardiology, 2002, 35(1):19-25.
［21］Nahahoni E, Strasberg B, Adler E, et al. Complexity of the dynamic QT variability and RR variability in patients with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction ［J］. J Electrocardiology, 2004, 37:173-179.
［22］Peng Yi, Sun Zhongwei. Characterization of QT and RR interval series during acute myocardial ischemia by means of recurrence quantification analysis ［J］. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, 2011, 49(1):25-31.
［23］Goldberger JJ, Cain ME, Hohnloser SH, et al. American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society Scientific Statement on Noninvasive Risk Stratification Techniques for Identifying Patients at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical on Cardiology Committee on Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention ［J］. Circulation, 2008, 118: 1497-1518.
［24］Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use ［J］. Circulation, 1996, 93: 1043-1065.
［25］许亮，彭屹. 心率变异性在反映心脏自主神经损伤和重构中的应用 ［J］. 中国生物医学工程学报，2007，26：618-622.
［26］Koskinen T, Khnen M, Jula A, et al. Short-term heart rate variability in healthy young adults ［J］. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical, 2009, 145:81-88.
［27］Tulppo MP, Kiviniemi AM, Hautala AJ, et al. Physiological background of the loss of fractal heart rate dynamics ［J］. Circulation, 2005, 112:314-319.
［28］Zhang Jing, Peng Yi. Assessment of cardiac autonomic state based on RR and QT interval series and symbolic analysis［C］// Computing in Cardiology.Hangzhou:IEEE, 2011, 38: 689-692.
