侵入式脑机接口在神经功能障碍康复中的临床转化进展与挑战

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2026.04.002

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Abstract Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs), a frontier interdisciplinary technology that connects the brain to external devices, have achieved breakthrough advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of neurological diseases. In particular, invasive BCIs (iBCIs), with their exceptionally high spatiotemporal resolution and superior signal-to-noise ratio, have become a pivotal technological pathway for tackling severe neurological dysfunctions such as stroke, severe spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS). During the 2024—2026 critical window for global clinical translation of the BCI industry, China has achieved multiple significant breakthroughs in core minimally invasive hardware development, adaptive neural decoding algorithms, the establishment of multicenter clinical trial platforms, and the development of ethical and regulatory standards. Building on the foundational scientific discoveries and prospective clinical trial data from recent leading research teams at home and abroad, this review systematically surveys the latest progress in iBCI core hardware fabrication and the evolution of signal decoding theory; examines in depth the landmark achievements across the three key areas of clinical translation-motor function restoration, speech-assisted communication, and neural function modulation; and comprehensively assesses the evolution of current multicenter clinical research designs, the reconstruction of rehabilitation efficacy evaluation systems, and the ongoing development of a collaborative governance framework integrating technology, clinical practice, ethics, and regulation. This work aims to provide a systematic academic reference for future basic research and large-scale clinical application in this field.

Key words： brain-computer interface neurosurgery neurological dysfunction neural reconstruction clinical translation

Received: 06 March 2026

PACS:

R318

Corresponding Authors: ^*E-mail: hufeng@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn;drwu@hust.edu.cn

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	Shen Zijian
	Hu Feng
	Shu Kai
	Wu Dongrui

Cite this article:

Shen Zijian,Hu Feng,Shu Kai, et al. Progress and Challenges in the Clinical Translation of Invasive Brain-Computer Interfacesfor Rehabilitation of Neurological Dysfunction[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2026, 45(4): 405-415.

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http://cjbme.csbme.org/EN/10.3969/j.issn.0258-8021.2026.04.002 OR http://cjbme.csbme.org/EN/Y2026/V45/I4/405

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