Preparation of Microspheres and its Application in Nervous System's Injury and Repair
Xu Meiling1, Zhang Luzhong2, Wang Xiaodong1, Chen Xue1*
1 (Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu,China) 2(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu,China)
Abstract Tissue engineering technology has been applied to prepare nerve conduits for repairing nervous system's injury and has become the focus in the field of nervous system's regeneration.Using biological materials in the form of microspheres has become main issues. Microspheres can release bioactive substances in a sustained and controlled manner,they improve the microenvironment of nervous system's regeneration. This paper reviews candidate materials, fabrication techniques, and detection methods for preparing microspheres and discuss the role of microspheres in nervous system's injury and repair.
Xu Meiling,Zhang Luzhong,Wang Xiaodong, et al. Preparation of Microspheres and its Application in Nervous System's Injury and Repair[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 35(4): 470-476.
[1] Faroni A, Mobasseri SA, Kingham PJ, et al. Peripheral nerve regeneration: experimental strategies and future perspectives [J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2015, 82-83: 160-167. [2] Bile J, Bolzinger MA, Vigne C, et al. The parameters influencing the morphology of poly(varepsilon-caprolactone) microspheres and the resulting release of encapsulated drugs [J]. Int J Pharm, 2015, 494(1): 152-166. [3] Kraskiewicz H, Breen B, Sargeant T, et al. Assembly of protein-based hollow spheres encapsulating a therapeutic factor [J]. ACS Chem Neurosci, 2013, 4(9): 1297-1304. [4] Xu Xiaoyun, Yu Hanry, Gao Shujun, et al. Polyphosphoester microspheres for sustained release of biologically active nerve growth factor [J]. Biomaterials, 2002, 23(17): 3765-3772. [5] Dolgopyatova NV, Novikov VY, Konovalova IN. Influence of the degree of deacetylation on the rate of acid degradation of chitin and chitosan and on the yield of D(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride [J]. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2011, 84(10): 1826-1829. [6] Leitgeb M, Herzic K, Podrepsek GH, et al. Toxicity of magnetic chitosan micro and nanoparticles as carriers for biologically active substances [J]. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 2014, 61(1): 145-152. [7] Liao Chunyan, Huang Junchao, Sun Shaofa, et al. Multi-channel chitosan-polycaprolactone conduits embedded with microspheres for controlled release of nerve growth factor [J]. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 2013, 73(1): 149-159. [8] Zeng Wen, Rong Mengyao, Hu Xueyu, et al. Incorporation of chitosan microspheres into collagen-chitosan scaffolds for the controlled release of nerve growth factor [J]. PLoS ONE, 2014, 9(7): e101300. [9] Ko JA, Park HJ, Hwang SJ, et al. Preparation and characterization of chitosan microparticles intended for controlled drug delivery [J]. Int J Pharm, 2002, 249(1-2): 165-174. [10] Kanno H, Pearse DD, Ozawa H, et al. Schwann cell transplantation for spinal cord injury repair: its significant therapeutic potential and prospectus [J]. Rev Neurosci, 2015, 26(2): 121-128. [11] Kumar P, Choonara YE, Modi G, et al. Multifunctional therapeutic delivery strategies for effective neuro-regeneration following traumatic spinal cord injury [J]. Curr Pharm Des, 2015, 21(12): 1517-1528. [12] Wu Chengtie, Zhu Yufang, Chang Jiang, et al. Bioactive inorganic-materials/alginate composite microspheres with controllable drug-delivery ability [J]. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2010, 94(1): 32-43. [13] Jain RA. The manufacturing techniques of various drug loaded biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) devices [J]. Biomaterials, 2000, 21(23): 2475-2490. [14] Chan L, Jin Y, Heng P. Cross-linking mechanisms of calcium and zinc in production of alginate microspheres [J]. Int J Pharm, 2002, 242(1-2): 255-258. [15] Chen Bo, He Jianyu, Yang Hao, et al. Repair of spinal cord injury by implantation of bFGF-incorporated HEMA-MOETACL hydrogel in rats [J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 9017. [16] Tanihara M, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto E, et al. Sustained release of basic fibroblast growth factor and angiogenesis in a novel covalently crosslinked gel of heparin and alginate [J]. J Biomed Mater Res, 2001, 56(2): 216-221. [17] Guan Qigang, Chen Wei, Hu Xianming. Development of lovastatin-loaded poly(lactic acid) microspheres for sustained oral delivery: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation [J]. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015, 9: 791-798. [18] Alcala-Alcala S, Benitez-Cardoza G, Lima-Munoz EJ, et al. Evaluation of a combined drug-delivery system for proteins assembled with polymeric nanoparticles and porous microspheres; characterization and protein integrity studies [J]. Int J Pharm, 2015, 489(1-2): 139-147. [19] Zheng Caihong, Gao Jianqing, Zhang Ye-ping, et al. A protein delivery system: biodegradable alginate-chitosan-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite microspheres [J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2004, 323(4): 1321-1327. [20] Karal-Yilmaz O, Serhatli M, Baysal K, et al. Preparation and in vitro characterization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres using a double emulsion/solvent evaporation technique [J]. J Microencapsul, 2011, 28(1): 46-54. [21] De Boer R, Knight AM, Spinner RJ, et al. In vitro and in vivo release of nerve growth factor from biodegradable poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid microspheres [J]. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2010, 95(4): 1067-1073. [22] Schutz CA, Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Kauper P, et al. Cell response to the exposure to chitosan-TPP//alginate nanogels [J]. Biomacromolecules, 2011, 12(11): 4153-4161. [23] Nasti A, Zaki NM, De Leonardis P, et al. Chitosan/TPP and chitosan/TPP-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: systematic optimisation of the preparative process and preliminary biological evaluation [J]. Pharm Res, 2009, 26(8): 1918-1930. [24] Zeng Wen, Huang Jinghui, Hu Xueyu, et al. Ionically cross-linked chitosan microspheres for controlled release of bioactive nerve growth factor [J]. Int J Pharm, 2011, 421(2): 283-290. [25] Chen Mei-chin, Liu Chin-tang, Tsai Hung-wen, et al. Mechanical properties, drug eluting characteristics and in vivo performance of a genipin-crosslinked chitosan polymeric stent [J]. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(29): 5560-5571. [26] Karnchanajindanun J, Srisa-Ard M, Bairnark Y. Genipin-cross-linked chitosan microspheres prepared by a water-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion method for protein delivery [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011, 85(3): 674-680. [27] Jameela SR, Jayakrishnan A. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan microspheres as a long acting biodegradable drug delivery vehicle: studies on the in vitro release of mitoxantrone and in vivo degradation of microspheres in rat muscle [J]. Biomaterials, 1995, 16(10): 769-775. [28] Wang Lianyan, Gu Yonghong, Su Zhiguo, et al. Preparation and improvement of release behavior of chitosan microspheres containing insulin [J]. Int J Pharm, 2006, 311(1-2): 187-195. [29] Sun Yi, Gu Lei, Gao Yuan, et al. Preparation and characterization of 5-Fluorouracil loaded chitosan microspheres by a two-step solidification method [J]. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 2010, 58(7): 891-895. [30] Aidarova S, Sharipova A, Kragel J, et al. Polyelectrolyte/surfactant mixtures in the bulk and at water/oil interfaces [J]. Adv Colloid Interface Sci, 2014, 205: 87-93. [31] Ariyaprakai S, Dungan SR. Influence of surfactant structure on the contribution of micelles to Ostwald ripening in oil-in-water emulsions [J]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2010, 343(1): 102-108. [32] Zhan Shiping, Zhou Zhiyi, Wang Weijing, et al. Effect of nonionic compound emulsifiers Tween80 and Span80 on the properties of microencapsulated phase change materials [J]. Journal of Microencapsulation, 2014, 31(4): 317-322. [33] Niu Xufeng, Feng Qingling, Wang Mingbo, et al. Preparation and characterization of chitosan microspheres for controlled release of synthetic oligopeptide derived from BMP-2 [J]. J Microencapsul, 2009, 26(4): 297-305. [34] Cao Xudong, Schoichet MS. Delivering neuroactive molecules from biodegradable microspheres for application in central nervous system disorders [J]. Biomaterials, 1999, 20(4): 329-339. [35] Uebersax L, Mattotti M, Papaloizos M, et al. Silk fibroin matrices for the controlled release of nerve growth factor (NGF) [J]. Biomaterials, 2007, 28(30): 4449-4460. [36] Zeng Shuguang, Ye Manwen, Qiu Junqi, et al. Preparation and characterization of genipin-cross-linked silk fibroin/chitosan sustained-release microspheres [J]. Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015, 9: 2501-2514. [37] Jeon JH, Bhamidipati M, Sridharan B, et al. Tailoring of processing parameters for sintering microsphere-based scaffolds with dense-phase carbon dioxide [J]. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2013, 101(2): 330-337. [38] Huang YC, Chiang CH, Yeh MK. Optimizing formulation factors in preparing chitosan microparticles by spray-drying method [J]. J Microencapsul, 2003, 20(2): 247-260. [39] Baimark Y. Morphology and thermal stability of cross-linked silk fibroin microparticles prepared by the water-in-oil emulsion solvent diffusion method [J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012, 7: S112-S117. [40] Ye Manwen, Zeng Shuguang, Gao Wenfeng, et al. Preparation and characterization of genipin-crosslinked silk fibroin/chitosan controlled-release microspheres[J]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao, 2014, 34(6): 875-879. [41] Krych AJ, Rooney GE, Chen B, et al. Relationship between scaffold channel diameter and number of regenerating axons in the transected rat spinal cord [J]. Acta Biomater, 2009, 5(7): 2551-2559. [42] Wang Minda, Zhai Peng, Chen Xiongbiao, et al. Bioengineered scaffolds for spinal cord repair [J]. Tissue Eng Part B Rev, 2011, 17(3): 177-194. [43] Niu Xufeng, Feng Qingling, Wang Mingbo, et al. Porous nano-HA/collagen/PLLA scaffold containing chitosan microspheres for controlled delivery of synthetic peptide derived from BMP-2 [J]. J Control Release, 2009, 134(2): 111-117. [44] Quinlan E, Lopez-Noriega A, Thompson E, et al. Development of collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds incorporating PLGA and alginate microparticles for the controlled delivery of rhBMP-2 for bone tissue engineering [J]. J Control Release, 2015, 198: 71-79. [45] Yang Yumin, Liu Mei, Gu Yun, et al. Effect of chitooligosaccharide on neuronal differentiation of PC-12 cells [J]. Cell Biol Int, 2009, 33(3): 352-356. [46] Kempen DH, Lu L, Kim C, et al. Controlled drug release from a novel injectable biodegradable microsphere/scaffold composite based on poly(propylene fumarate) [J]. J Biomed Mater Res A, 2006, 77(1): 103-111. [47] Desai KG, Park HJ. Preparation of cross-linked chitosan microspheres by spray drying: effect of cross-linking agent on the properties of spray dried microspheres [J]. J Microencapsul, 2005, 22(4): 377-395. [48] Bulut E. Controlled delivery of the popular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, paracetamol, from chitosan-g-polyacrylamide microspheres prepared by the emulsion crosslinking technique [J]. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 19 May, 2015 [Epub ahead of print].
