Abstract：The aim of this study is to validate the superposition hypothesis that attempts to explain the stead-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) in terms of linear convolution of the transient visual evoked potential (tVEP) and the stimulus train. From ten healthy adult subjects, we recorded the VEPs elicited by checkerboard pattern reversal at a series of stimulation rates (4, 7.1, 7.7, 8.3, 9.1, 10, 11.1, 12.5, 14.3, 16.7, 20, 25 rev/s). Then we synthesized the SSVEPs for each stimulation rate (7.1-25 rev/s) using the original tVEP recorded at 4 rev/s and its waveform transformations in amplitude and phase. We used the Hotelling T2 test to compare the synthesized SSVEPs (s-SSVEPs) with different tVEP templates and the recorded SSVEPs (r-SSVEPs) for each stimulation rate. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the synthetic SSVEPs and the recorded SSVEPs within the range of 7.1-9.1 rev/s stimulation rate based on the linear superposition principle when the actual recorded tVEP was used as a template (P>0.05), and there was a significant difference in the range of 10-25 rev/s stimulation rate (P<0.05), and the error between the two increases with the increase of the stimulus rate; and that the amplitude- and phase-transformed tVEPs can make no significant difference between the synthetic results and the measured reaction (P>0.05), the error between them was also decreased, and remained stable within the range of measured stimuli. These findings indicate that the tVEP waveforms vary with the stimulation rate, and that the validation of the superposition hypothesis requests the determination of the actual tVEP measurement at each stimulation rate.
高倩,王涛,詹长安. 基于叠加原理的合成稳态视觉诱发电位[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2017, 36(4): 410-417.
Gao Qian, Wang Tao, Zhan Changan. Synthesized Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials Based on the Superposition Hypothesis. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2017, 36(4): 410-417.
[1] Odom JV, Bach M, Brigell M, et al. ISCEV standard for clinical visual evoked potentials (2009update) [J]. Documenta Ophthalmolgica, 2010, 120(1): 111-119.
[2] Jeffreys A. Human brain electrophysiology: evoked potentials and evoked magnetic fields in science and medicine [J]. Trends in Neurosciences, 1989, 12(10): 413-414.
[3] Regan D. Some early uses of evoked brain responses in investigations of human visual function [J]. Vision Research, 2009, 49(9): 882-897.
[4] Guideline 9B: Guidelines on visual evoked potentials [J]. American Journal of Electroneurodiagnostic Technology, 2006, 23(2): 138-156.
[5] Picton TW, John MS, Dimitrijevic A, et al. Human auditory steady-state responses [J]. International Journal of Audiology, 2003, 97(5): 1396-1402.
[6] Galambos R, Makeig S, Talmachoff PJ. A 40-Hz auditory potential recorded from the human scalp [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 1981, 78(4): 2643-2647.
[7] Bohórquez J, Ozdamar O. Generation of the 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) explained using convolution [J]. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2008, 119(11): 2598-2697.
[8] Bohórquez J, Ozdamar O, Açikgöz N, et al. Methodology to estimate the transient evoked responses for the generation of steady state responses [C]//International Conference of the IEEE-EMBS. Lyon: IEEE, 2007: 2444-2447.
[9] Herrmann CS. Human EEG responses to 1-100 Hz flicker: resonance phenomena in visual cortex and their potential correlation to cognitive phenomena [J]. Experimental Brain Research, 2001, 137(3-4): 346-353.
[10] Başar E, Rosen B, BaşarEroglu C, et al. The associations between 40 Hz-EEG and the middle latency response of the auditory evoked potential [J]. International Journal of Neuroscience, 1987, 33(1-2):103-117.
[11] Capilla A, Pazo-Alvarez P, Darriba A, et al. Steady-state visual evoked potentials can be explained by temporal superposition of transient event-related responses [J]. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(1): e14543.
[12] Heinrich SP, Groten M, Bach M. Relating the steady state visual evoked potential to single-stimulus responses derived from m-sequence stimulation [J]. Documenta Ophthalmologica, 2015, 131(1): 1-12.
[13] 何超文,林霖,喻德旷. 基于 FPGA 的高频视觉刺激控制器的设计 [J].电子技术应用, 2015, 41(2): 35-37.
[14] Tan Xiaodan, Yu Xuefei, Lin Lin, et al. Simulation on the comparison of steady-state responses synthesized by transient templates based on superposition hypothesis [J]. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2015, 2015(3): 1-10.
[15] 苗锦, 刘志强, 张跟鹏. 基于互相关的时延估计方法及其精度分析 [J]. 舰船电子工程, 2008, 28(6): 104-106.
[16] Spinelli D, Burr DC, Morrone MC. Spatial neglect is associated with increased latencies of visual evoked potentials [J].Visual Neuroscience, 1994, 11(5): 909-918.
[17] Duwaer AL, Spekreijse H. Latency of luminance and contrast evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis patients [J]. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1978, 45(2): 244-258.
[18] Picton TW, Vajsar J, Rodriguez R, et al. Reliability estimates for steady-state evoked potentials [J]. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/evoked Potentials, 1987, 68(2): 119-131.
[19] Melges D B. Frequency-domain objective response detection techniques applied to evoked potentials: a review [M]//Applied Biological Engineering-Principles and Practice. Vienna: In Tech Open, 2012: 914-922.
[20] 林霖, 谭小丹, 王涛. 对40Hz听觉稳态反应应用线性叠加条件的评估[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2016, 35(3): 278-283.
[21] Luck SJ. Quantifying ERP amplitudes and latencies[M]//An Introduction to the Event-related Potential Techniquess. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005: 300-307.
[22] Steven H, Schwartz OD. Visual Perception: A Clinical Orientation (fourth edition) [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010: 201-204.
