Rapid Cranial Contour Measurement Algorithm Based on Phased-Array Synthetic Aperture
Li Hanze1, Liu Ruixu2#, Zhou Xiaoqing2#, Yin Tao2#, Liu Zhipeng2#, Ma Ren2,3#*
1(School of Faulty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125100, Liaoning, China) 2(Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China) 3(Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China)
Abstract Transcranial focused ultrasound technology as an emerging neuromodulation technology has been widely used in neuromodulation and treatment of the deep brain. The heteromorphism of the skull and the great variability of the acoustic parameters are the main reasons for the shift of the actual focal point and the scattering of the focal domain after the focused ultrasound penetrates the skull. In this study, based on the synthetic aperture technique, a phased array transmitted ultrasound signals and received the echo signals reflected from the inner and outer contours of the skull, and the coordinates of the skull contour points were simultaneously calculated to realize the rapid measurement of the skull contour. A real head simulation model and a skull simulation body were established to simulate and experimentally verify the algorithm. The simulation results showed that the maximum detection error of the outer contour center area of the skull model was 0.15 mm, and the edge area was 0.4 mm; the maximum detection error of the inner contour center area was 0.3 mm, and the edge area was 0.5 mm; the maximum detection error of the inner contour center area is 0.6 mm, and the maximum detection error of the inner contour center area was 0.6 mm, and the maximum detection error of the inner contour center area was 0.6 mm, and the maximum detection error of the inner contour center area was 0.6 mm, and the maximum detection error of the inner contour center area is 0.6 mm. The maximum detection error was 0.6 mm in the center of the inner contour and 0.9 mm in the edge area, and the rapid measurement algorithm designed in this paper was able to complete the accurate measurement of the inner and outer contour of the skull within 2 minutes, and controlled the maximum measurement error within 1 mm. Compared with magnetic resonance scanning (MRI) and electronic computed tomography (CT), it reduced the treatment cost and treatment time, and provided a new method and idea for the next step of adjusting the phased-array array element emission delay to realize real-time precise focusing in the skull.
Li Hanze,Liu Ruixu,Zhou Xiaoqing, et al. Rapid Cranial Contour Measurement Algorithm Based on Phased-Array Synthetic Aperture[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2024, 43(3): 338-347.
[1] Chang JW, Park CK, Lipsman N, et al. A prospective trial of magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: results at the 2-year follow-up[J]. Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018, 83(1):107-114. [2] Elias WJ, Huss D, Voss T, et al. A pilot study of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor [J]. New England Journal of Medicine, 2013, 8(7):640-648. [3] Lipsman N, Schwartz ML, Huang Y, et al. MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: a proof-of-concept study[J]. Lancet Neurology, 2013, 12(5):462-468. [4] 周晓青,刘睿旭,谭如欣,等.听觉神经通路在磁声耦合刺激调控运动皮层中的作用[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2021,40(2):188-194. [5] Martínez-Fernández R, Rodríguez-Rojas R, Del Álamo M, et al. Focused ultrasound subthalamotomy in patients with asymmetric Parkinson's disease: a pilot study[J]. The Lancet Neurology, 2018, 17(1): 54-63. [6] 袁毅,孙红宝,陈玉东,等.经颅磁声刺激作用下耦合神经元的去同步研究[J].中国生物医学工程学报,2017,36(4):502-506. [7] Jung HH, Kim SJ, Roh D, et al. Bilateral thermal capsulotomy with MR-guided focused ultrasound for patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a proof-of-concept study[J]. Molecular Psychiatry, 2015, 20(10): 1205-1211. [8] Riis TS, Webb TD, Kubanek J. Acoustic properties across the human skull[J]. Ultrasonics, 2022, 119: 106591. [9] Fry FJ, Barger J E. Acoustical properties of the human skull[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1978, 63(5): 1576-1590. [10] Darmani G, Bergmann TO, Pauly KB, et al. Non-invasive transcranial ultrasound stimulation for neuromodulation[J]. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2022, 135: 51-73. [11] Angla C, Larrat B, Gennisson J, et al. Transcranial ultrasound simulations: a review[J]. Medical Physics, 2023, 50(2): 1051-1072. [12] Fink M. Time reversal of ultrasonic fields: Part I—Basic principles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control,1992, 39(5): 555-566. [13] Wu F, Thomas JL, Fink M. Time reversal of ultrasonic fields. Il. Experimental results[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1992, 39(5): 567-578. [14] Cassereau D, Fink M. Time-reversal of ultrasonic fields. III. Theory of the closed time-reversal cavity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 1992, 39(5): 579-592. [15] Aubry JF, Tanter M, Pernot M, et al. Experimental demonstration of noninvasive transskull adaptive focusing based on prior computed tomography scans[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2003, 113(1): 84-93. [16] Jiang C, Li D, Xu F, et al. Numerical evaluation of the influence of skull heterogeneity on transcranial ultrasonic focusing[J]. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020, 14: 317. [17] Pichardo S, Sin VW, Hynynen K. Multi-frequency characterization of the speed of sound and attenuation coefficient for longitudinal transmission of freshly excised human skulls[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2010, 56(1): 219. [18] Clement GT, Hynynen K. A non-invasive method for focusing ultrasound through the human skull[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2002, 47(8): 1219-1236. [19] Vyas U, Christensen D. Ultrasound beam simulations in inhomogeneous tissue geometries using the hybrid angular spectrum method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control,2012, 59(6): 1093-1100. [20] Guo S, Zhuo J, Li G, et al. Feasibility of ultrashort echo time images using full-wave acoustic and thermal modeling for transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) planning[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2019, 64(9): 095008. [21] Marsac L, Chauvet D, La Greca R, et al.Ex vivo optimisation of a heterogeneous speed of sound model of the human skull for non-invasive transcranial focused ultrasound at 1 MHz[J]. Int J Hyperthermia, 2017, 33(6):635-645. [22] Yoon K, Lee W, Croce P, et al. Multi-resolution simulation of focused ultrasound propagation through ovine skull from a single-element transducer[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2018, 63(10): 105001. [23] Jing Y, Meral FC, Clement GT. Time-reversal transcranial ultrasound beam focusing using a k-space method[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2012, 57(4): 901-917. [24] Maimbourg G, Houdouin A, Deffieux T, et al. 3D-printed adaptive acoustic lens as a disruptive technology for transcranial ultrasound therapy using single-element transducers[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2018, 63(2): 025026. [25] McDannold N, White PJ, Cosgrove R. Elementwise approach for simulating transcranial MRI-guided focused ultrasound thermal ablation[J]. Physical Review Research, 2019, 1(3): 033205. [26] Martin E, Jaros J, Treeby BE. Experimental validation of k-wave: nonlinear wave propagation in layered, absorbing fluid media[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 2019, 67(1): 81-91. [27] Robertson J, Martin E, Cox B, et al. Sensitivity of simulated transcranial ultrasound fields to acoustic medium property maps[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2017, 62(7): 2559-2580. [28] Bancel T, Houdouin A, Annic P, et al. Comparison between ray-tracing and full-wave simulation for transcranial ultrasound focusing on a clinical system using the transfer matrix formalism[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 2021, 68(7): 2554-2565. [29] Wu N, Shen G, Qu X, et al. An efficient and accurate parallel hybrid acoustic signal correction method for transcranial ultrasound[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2020, 65(21): 215019. [30] Robertson J, Urban J, Stitzel J, et al. The effects of image homogenisation on simulated transcranial ultrasound propagation[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2018, 63(14): 145014. [31] Sun J, Hynynen K. Focusing of therapeutic ultrasound through a human skull: a numerical study[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1998, 104(3): 1705-1715. [32] Clement GT, Sun J, Giesecke T, et al. A hemisphere array for non-invasive ultrasound brain therapy and surgery[J]. Physics in Medicine & Biology, 2000, 45(12): 3707. [33] Clement GT, Hynynen K. Correlation of ultrasound phase with physical skull properties[J]. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 2002, 28(5): 617-624. [34] Connor CW, Hynynen K. Patterns of thermal deposition in the skull during transcranial focused ultrasound surgery[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2004, 51(10): 1693-1706. [35] 屈文星,刘浩,秦楚,等.基于MATLAB傅里叶曲线拟合的天线跟踪精度评估方法[J].电子测量技术,2020,43(12):91-95. [36] 谢俊峰,刘仁.全波形星载激光测距误差抑制的滑动窗口高斯拟合算法[J].测绘学报,2021,50(9):1240-1250. [37] Treeby BE, Wise ES, Kuklis F, et al. Nonlinear ultrasound simulation in an axisymmetric coordinate system using a k-space pseudospectral method[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2020, 148(4): 2288-2300. [38] Fan L, Li H, Zhuo J, et al. The Human Brainnetome Atlas: a new brain atlas based on connectional architecture [J]. Cerebral Cortex, 2016 Aug;26(8):3508-3526. [39] 吴毅.超声脑成像和经颅超声治疗技术在脑损伤康复中的应用[J].康复学报,2023,33(2):97-102. [40] 杜斌. 基于发散波经颅成像的相位校正及自适应算法研究[D].深圳:深圳大学,2021. [41] Rabut C, Correia M, Finel V, et al. 4D functional ultrasound imaging of whole-brain activity in rodents[J]. Nature Methods, 2019, 16(10): 994-997.
