摘要同步性可以度量不同脑区之间的相互作用,但目前对脑电的同步性研究多数是基于头皮数据进行的。脑电的容积导体效应,可能导致头皮电极之间出现伪相关,从而影响同步性的度量。实验所用的数据集包括正常(28例)和酗酒(28例)两类被试的61通道EEG时间序列,每一个被试参与3种条件的实验任务:单刺激(S1)、双刺激匹配(S2 match)、双刺激不匹配(S2 no match)。利用eLoreta溯源技术,在大脑皮层上自定义了61个感兴趣区域(ROI),计算两类被试之间的同步似然性,最后对酗酒被试和正常被试执行认知任务时的同步性差异进行统计分析。结果发现,执行相同认知任务时,酗酒被试全脑平均同步似然均小于正常被试,且在α、β1和θ波段上均有P<0.05,差异达到统计显著。在执行不同认知任务时,正常被试的同步性可以准确反映出不同认知任务的复杂程度(S2 match > S2 no match > S1),而酗酒被试的同步性则无规律变化。不同被试之间的区域MSL结果表明,在执行S2 match任务时,酗酒被试多个区域MSL均小于正常被试,且在α波段上额叶、左颞叶、中央和右颞叶区均有P<0.05,差异达到统计显著;在β1波段上,额叶区P<0.05,差异达到统计显著;在β2波段上,额叶、左颞叶区均有P<0.05,差异达到统计显著。研究结果表明,酗酒被试大脑不同区域之间的连接受到一定程度的损伤,这为研究酗酒引起的脑损伤提供一个新的角度和有力的证据。
Abstract：Synchronization can measure the interaction between different brain regions. However, existing synchronization analyses on EEG synchronization are almost all based on the scalp EEG data. Due to the volume conductor effect, pseudo relevance between the scalp electrodes may occur, which further affects the measurement of synchronization. In this study, we selected the 61 channel EEG time series data of both the control subjects (28) and the alcoholics (28). For each trial, the subject was exposed to one of the following three different stimuli: a single stimulus (S1), two matched stimuli (S2 match), or two non-matched stimuli (S2 no match). The study used eLoreta and the self-defined 61 ROI (regions of interested) in the cerebral cortex. The synchronization between ROIs and the synchronization difference between alcoholic subjects and controls (non-alcoholics) during certain cognitive tasks were measured. Results indicated that the synchronization for the alcoholic group was lower than in the control group when performing the same cognitive task, the difference was statistically significant with α, β1 and θ band (P<0.05). The synchronization for the control group can reflect the complexity levels of the cognitive tasks (S2 match > S2 no match > S1), whereas the alcoholics only displayed erratic changes when the different cognitive tasks performed. The brain regional MSL between different subjects indicated that the alcoholic group was lower than control group when the S2 match performed,and in α band, frontal, left temporal area, central and right temporal area have significant differences (P<0.05); in β1 band, frontal showed significant differences(P<0.05); in β2 band, both frontal and left temporal area showed significant differences (P<0.05). These results indicate that in alcoholics, brain synchronization was reduced, and the connection between different brain regions was inhibited, meaning brain cognitive function is impaired. Our research provides indicated that long-term alcoholism causes functional damage to the brain from an entirely new perspective.
刘桂青 曹锐 相洁. 酗酒者皮层脑电同步性分析[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2016, 35(6): 671-676.
Liu Guiqing Cao Rui Xiang Jie. Synchronization in Alcoholics Using Cortical EEG. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 35(6): 671-676.
[1] de Haan W, Pijnenburg YAL, Strijers RLM, et al. Functional neural network analysis in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer′s disease using EEG and graph theory[J]. BMC Neuroscience, 2009, 10(1): 1-12.
[2] Sutherland GT, Sheahan PJ, Matthews J, et al. The effects of chronic alcoholism on cell proliferation in the human brain [J]. Experimental Neurology, 2013, 247: 9-18.
[3] Jacobus J, Tapert SF. Neurotoxic effects of alcohol in adolescence [J]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2013, 9: 703-721.
[4] Pfefferbaum A, Rosenbloom M, Rohlfing T, et al. Degradation of association and projection white matter systems in alcoholism detected with quantitative fiber tracking [J]. Biological Psychiatry, 2009, 65(8): 680-690.
[5] Coles CD, Goldstein FC, Lynch ME, et al. Memory and brain volume in adults prenatally exposed to alcohol [J]. Brain and Cognition, 2011, 75(1): 67-77.
[6] Nol X, Van der Linden M, Brevers D, et al. The contribution of executive functions deficits to impaired episodic memory in individuals with alcoholism [J]. Psychiatry Research, 2012, 198(1): 116-122.
[7] Thoma RJ, Monnig MA, Lysne PA, et al. Adolescent substance abuse: the effects of alcohol and marijuana on neuropsychological performance[J]. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2011, 35(1): 39-46.
[8] Palva J M, Palva S, Kaila K. Phase synchrony among neuronal oscillations in the human cortex [J]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2005, 25(15): 3962-3972.
[9] Mirowski P, Madhavan D, LeCun Y, et al. Classification of patterns of EEG synchronization for seizure prediction[J]. Clinical neurophysiology, 2009, 120(11): 1927-1940.
[10] 李莉, 陈静静, 郑旭媛. 阿尔茨海默病脑电信号的同步似然分析[J]. 国际生物医学工程杂志, 2015, 38(3): 152-155.
[11] Ma CC, Liu AJ, Liu AH, et al. Electroencephalogram Global Field Synchronization Analysis: A New Method for Assessing the Progress of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer′s disease[J]. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 2014, 45(2): 98-103.
[12] 李红利, 王江, 邓斌, 等. 癫痫脑电的互信息和同步性分析[J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2013, 49(6): 19-22.
[13] 李军, 邱丽娜, 朱绘霖, 等. 光学脑成像检测静息态下双侧语言皮层活动的同步性[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2014, 31(4): 410-417.
[14] 曹锐, 武政, 相洁, 等. 基于同步似然的脑电分类方法研究[J]. 太原理工大学学报, 2014, 45(4): 510-514.
[15] Tcheslavski GV, Gonen FF. Alcoholism-related alterations in spectrum, coherence, and phase synchrony of topical electroencephalogram [J]. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2012, 42(4): 394-401.
[16] Calmels C, Foutren M,Stam CJ. Bbeta functional connectivity modulation during the maintenance of motion information in working memory: importance of the familiarity of the visual context[J].Neuroscience,2012,212:49-58
[17] 董国亚, 陈小刚, 史姗姗, 等. 相位同步性分析方法在癫痫研究中的应用[J]. 北京生物医学工程, 2011, 30(3): 274-277.
[18] Koelstra S, Mühl C, Soleymani M, et al. Deap: A database for emotion analysis; using physiological signals[J]. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing,, 2012, 3(1): 18-31.
[19] Sakkalis V. Review of advanced techniques for the estimation of brain connectivity measured with EEG/MEG[J]. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2011, 41(12): 1110-1117.
[20] Stam CJ, Van Dijk B W. Synchronization likelihood: an unbiased measure of generalized synchronization in multivariate data sets [J]. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 2002, 163(3): 236-251.
[21] Groppe DM, Bickel S, Keller CJ, et al. Dominant frequencies of resting human brain activity as measured by the electrocorticogram[J]. Neuroimage, 2013, 79: 223-233.
[22] Ma C, Liu A, Liu A, et al. Electroencephalogram Global Field Synchronization Analysis: A New Method for Assessing the Progress of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer′s disease[J]. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 2014, 45(2): 98-103.
[23] Calmels C, Foutren M, Stam CJ. Beta functional connectivity modulation during the maintenance of motion information in working memory: importance of the familiarity of the visual context[J]. Neuroscience, 2012, 212: 49-58.
[24] Cao Rui, Wu Zheng, Li Haifang, et al. Disturbed connectivity of EEG functional networks in alcoholism: a graph-theoretic analysis[J]. Biomedical Materials and Engineering, 2014, 24(6): 2927-2936.
[25] Singh N, Godiyal AK, Panigrahi K, et al. Source localization in alcoholic and control subjects to estimate cognitive load using EEG signal[C]// 2015 International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control (IC4). Indore: IEEE, 2015,10: 1-5.
