Advances in Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback
Yang Dongmei1, Zhang Wenhai2,3#*, Ding Qiang4#*
1(School of Fundamental Science,Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine,Yancheng 224051,Jiangsu,China) 2(Mental Health Center,Yancheng Institute of Technology,Yancheng 224051,Jiangsu,China) 3(Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,Liaoning,China) 4(Department of Psychological Medicine,Children’s Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 201102,China)
Abstract：Neurofeedback refers to a self-regulation technique that provides individuals with feedback about specific brain activity in connection with a related behavior. Real-time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Neurofeedback (rtfMRI-nf) is a novel neurofeedback technique,requiring participants to adjust blood oxygen level-dependent signal index during training to regulate their brain activity. Recently,rtfMRI-nf has made significant progress in data acquisition and analysis. Two new rtfMRI-nf technologies have begun available,decoded neurofeedback and functional connectivity-based neurofeedback. This paper introduced the two new rtfMRI-nf technologies and summarizes their progress in key method areas such as implicit protocol,multivariate analysis,and connectivity analysis. At the same time,this paper reviewed the current status of the two rtfMRI-nf technologies in basic research fields such as perceptual learning and metacognition,as well as clinical research fields such as fear elimination,depression,autism spectrum disorder and nicotine addiction. Finally,we discussed the two potential problems of “one to many” relationship and dimension curse of these two rtfMRI-nf technologies,and propose solutions.
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